Test Setup

A commissioning system with the true mechanical structure and prototype supply tubes was assembled before the construction of the final detector. In the commissioning system only two sectors were equipped with modules. A second test stand was established which allowed to operate the commissioning system independent of Systeml2. This test stand was later used to commission the two halves of the final detector system. The final detector system was tested sector-wise since only one sector could be connected to the readout at a time due to the limited number of optical fibers and FED modules available. 

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For the standby pump start test, which is an important test to ensure the pumps transfer without large pressure swings, a check should be made to see if the relief valves lift or the pressure falls to a pressure one half the difference between the standby pump start pressure and the compressor trip pressure. The transient pressure is best measured with a multipen chart recorder. The chart speed must be high enough to fully display the pressure variation. While not as good as the chart recorder, a simple shop-made test setup can be substituted. A spare switch is temporarily connected to the same location as the other switches. This switch is calibrated to close at the threshold acceptance pressure. The contacts are wired to a test light through a seal relay. The purpose of the relay is to maintain the cir-... 

Figure 4.10. Large-scale test setup for investigation of fiame propagation in a cylindrical geometry. Dimensions 25 m long, 12.5 m wide, and 1 m high. Obstacle diameter 0.5 m.

To favour reproducibility of results, the cycles of immersion and withdrawal must be kept the same from test to test. It is necessary to control the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere surrounding the test setup as these affect the rate of evaporation of the solution and of drying of the specimens when they are out of the solution. It is also necessary to provide for replenishing losses of water from the test solution resulting from evaporation. 

These test methods and the number and complexity of the variables present is related to the level of sophistication of the test. The combination that can influence test data defines the test limitations. Variables are found not only in test methods, but also in other non-test-related areas affecting data generation. Examples include misinterpretation, misuse, or misapplication of the test or any of its integral parts (test setup, test procedure, reporting, etc.) contribute to their limitations (2 to 11, 64,208). 

Besides the increase of reflections implied by Owl optical design, a price to pay for the spherical primary mirror solution is the difficulty to compensate for its spherical aberration, and in particular the horrendous aspherization of the quaternary mirror (which is conjugated to the primary). A possible test setup has been identified and the state of current technology allows for cautious hope industrial studies are however still required to confirm feasibility and evaluate implied cost and schedule. 

Figure 10.6 gives a schemahc view of the test setup of the strain measurement. The boundary conditions in this stretched him method are modeled by hnite element analysis with nonlinear material properties. 

FIGURE 2.20. Simple Test Setup for a Dewar Flask Test 67... 

In order to achieve results with close-to-conventional testing conditions, the parallel reactor setup for liquid-phase reaction must mimic the real process conditions of the later process as nicely as possible. The main efforts to be realized lie in the miniaturization and integrated construction of the parallel testing setup and the automation of process control combined with suitable online and offline analytical methodologies. 

Figure 12.9-4. Schematic diagram VOC experimental test setup.

FIGURE 3-3 AEA 12-kW SILVER II test setup for EDS II. SOURCE AEA (2001d). 

The evaporator tests were conducted in a laboratory-scale test setup. The bottoms product after the worst-case volume reduction (70 percent) was found to be similar in density and viscosity to that of concentrated HN03. No solids and no decomposition were observed after cooling, and AEA expects that the resulting bottoms product after evaporation will not compromise pump operation. 

This method is commonly used to obtain the diffusion coefficient through porous membranes. The schematic diagram illustrating the best technique for application of the time-lag method for determination of diffusion transport is shown in Fig. 4. As in the test setup shown in Fig. 4 a, the soil is contained between the source and collection reservoirs. Using this technique for diffusion coefficient determination of pollutants requires that the following conditions are satisfied ... 

MZq shall not be applied simultaneously. The shaft displacement measurements shall be absolute (not relative to the baseplate). For record purposes, the vendor s test data shall include a schematic drawing of test setup, the calculated moment loads MYq and and the applied moment loads and their corresponding displacements at the drive end of the pump shaft. 

Using the test setup of Fig. 4.2, several configurations were measured in the lab. The cases will be considered one at a time, with comparisons to the SPICE results in each case. The first case is the recommended operational use by the Linear Databook (Linear Technology 1990, pp. 

Figure 9 Basic bubble point test setup.

This is rather bulky test setup, but it seems to be a realistic approach to the problem of observing what happens to exposed materials when a fire starts somewhere in the room. The extent of spread of flame beyond the test flame area is observed, and the thermocouple readings indicate the potential life hazard from breathing in the atmosphere in the test room. Perhaps the dimensions of the test room could be reduced and thus bring about the installation of this type of equipment at other laboratories. 

Another thermocouple and pyrometer indicate the flame temperature at the coating surface. The burner setup is designed to apply the desired temperature for the given period of time. For example, a temperature of 1750 F. can be reached in 1 minute and then held constant tor 0.5 hour. Figure 3 is a photograph of a typical fire-retardant test setup. 

Figure 3. Typical Fire-Retardant Test Setup...

The aim of the tests should be to verify the correct functioning of the part at normal and at the limits of the operating conditions. By carrying out the tests under laboratory conditions, the potential for problems in the real world is reduced. In critical applications, the potential for major problems has to be eliminated. There is a large variety of service-style testing that can be carried out. These may range from very simple rigs to complicated test setups. 

The UL 94 standard specihes bench-scale test methods to determine the acceptability of plastic materials for use in appliances or other devices with respect to flammability under controlled laboratory conditions. The test method that is used depends on the intended end-use of the material and its orientation in the device. The standard outlines two horizontal burning tests, three vertical burning tests, and a radiant panel flame spread test. The most commonly used test method described in the UL 94 standard is the 20-mm Vertical Burning Test V-0, V-l, or V-2. The method is also described in ASTM D 3801. A schematic of the test setup is shown in Figure 14.3. 

The PHRR in the cone calorimeter is strongly dependent on the test setup and the specimen, as well as the intrinsic fire properties of the materials. To obtain comparable results, it is essential for the specimen and sample holder to be used as defined in the standard. This is illustrated in Figure 15.7, where the cone calorimeter HRR curves are compared with results using a modified sample holder.80 81... 

PETN. We discuss detonation and wall expansion velocity, along with diameter effect information in unconfined rate stick tests. The detonation velocity of ETN is 99% that of PETN in the same test setup, showing that performance properties are very similar for the two nitrate esters. 

Figure 3. (a) Friction testing of ETN on a copper surface, executed before loading the cylinder with ETN pellets. Unreacted ETN is visible at the edge of the distressed area, (b) Cross section of cylinder test setup showing ETN pellets. 

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