Test reports defined

These test methods and the number and complexity of the variables present is related to the level of sophistication of the test. The combination that can influence test data defines the test limitations. Variables are found not only in test methods, but also in other non-test-related areas affecting data generation. Examples include misinterpretation, misuse, or misapplication of the test or any of its integral parts (test setup, test procedure, reporting, etc.) contribute to their limitations (2 to 11, 64,208). 

A receiving inspection program consists of comparison of the purchase order with what is received. If the vendor s test reports are required with the shipment, it is verified that they were received and that the test values are acceptable, as defined by the original material specification. 

Working life is usually determined on a volume of adhesive that is practical and normally used in production. The mass of the tested material must be defined in the test report because many adhesives have a working life that is dependent on sample mass. 

Based on the evaluation of the individual test reports, indicate acceptability on the test documentation. If necessary, authorize additional tests to complete the validation. Meaningful conclusions are those that are based on a comparison of test data against specific criteria and specifications that were defined at the outset. 

The auditor should seek a procedure defining the assembly of structured test plans. Ideally, actual test plans should be traceable to the design and include a formal review for comprehensiveness before any testing commences. Test reports summarizing the outcome of functional testing would normally be expected as evidence that the testing was actually carried out and that the product met its defined requirements. 

Assuming the methods are reasonable, the last step in evaluating a test report is to look at the results and determine how strongly they demonstrate that the device will not fail. This involves not only the results themselves, but also the acceptance criterion that the manufacturer has defined for the test. For example, a company may report that a mechanical test of their orthopedic implant demonstrated it can withstand 800 Newtons (N) of compressive force without breaking. Well, that is great But what does that number mean By itself, it means very little. To be meaningful, we need at least one other number—an objective acceptance... 

The composition of the test solution should be controlled to the billest extent possible and be described as thoroughly and as accurately as possible when the results are reported. Minor constituents should not be overlooked because they often affect corrosion rates. Chemical content should be reported as percentage by weight of the solution. Molarity and normality are also nelpbil in defining the concentration of chemicals in the test solution. The composition of the test solution should be checked by analysis at the end of the test to... 

Female sexual development and behaviour in mammals occurs by default and requires no ovarian secretion, and it is only in genetic males that the testis can secrete hormones which destroy this female pattern and superimpose that of the male. Sexual differentiation is not so well defined in fish, and larval exposure to both synthetic estrogens and androgens is widely used in aquaculture to produce monosex cultures. Endocrine disruption of sexual differentiation in fish may therefore reflect both the complexity and diversity of such processes between different species. Some care is required in use of the terms hermaphrodite and sex-reversal since a true hermaphrodite has both functional testes and ovaries and a sex-reversed fish is fully functional as its final sex—both produce the appropriate viable gametes. Such functional sex-reversal is not possible in mammals, but in some species of fish it is the normal developmental pattern. In most of the cases of hermaphroditism or sex-reversal reported in the non-scientific press, there is evidence only for a few ovarian follicles within a functional testis. This may be considered as feminisation or a form of intersex, and is very clearly endocrine disruption, but it is certainly neither sex-reversal nor hermaphroditism. In some cases the terms have even been used to infer induction of a single female characteristic such as production of yolk-protein by males. 

Originally the classification of materials was derived from tests of proprietary explosion-proof (flameproof) enclosures. There were no published criteria. Equipment was approved relative to the lowest ignition temperature of any material in the group (Magison 1987). In about 1965 the U.S. Coast Guard asked the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to form a panel to classify 200 materials of commerce. The Electrical Hazards Panel of the Committee on Hazardous Materials was formed by the NAS. The Panel studied many ways to estimate the hazard classification of materials. The Panel finally reported to die U.S. Coast Guard in 1970 that no workable, predicdve scheme could be defined, and it then proceeded to assign tentative classifications to the 200 materials. 

This report is by Battelle Columbus Division to the Line Pipe Research Supervisory Committee of the American Gas Association. It presents an analysis of statistical data obtained from reports of lea)c or rupture (service) incidents and test failures in natural gas transmission and gathering lines over the 14.5 year period from 1970 through June, 1984. All gas transmission companies were required to notify the Office of Pipeline Safety Operations in the event of a "reportable" incident, as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations. The purpose of the study is to organize the reportable incident data into a meaningful format from which the safety record of the industry can be assessed. 

The majority of tests to evaluate the characteristics of plastics are performed in tension or flexure hence, the compressive stress-strain behavior of many plastics is not well described. Generally, the behavior in compression is different from that in tension, but the stress-strain response in compression is usually close enough to that of tension so that possible differences can be neglected (Fig. 2-19). The compression modulus is not always reported, since defining a stress at... 

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