Terpolymers styrene-maleic acid

PMA homopolymer is also available as a neutralized salt and in several grades, often with precise molecular weight distributions, for special applications such as antiscalent duty in seawater distillation and sugar evaporator processes. Maleic anhydride chemistry has also been successfully developed to provide functional components in copolymers [examples are acrylic acid, maleic anhydride (AA/MA) and sulfonated styrene, maleic anhydride (SS/MA)] and terpolymers [example is maleic anhydride, ethyl acrylate, vinyl acrylate (MA/EA/VA)]. 

Acrylic acid can be used as comonomer in different copolymers. The most common of these are probably poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (see Section 6.1, Figure 6.1.7), poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), and poly(acrylic acid-co-styrene-co-acrylonitrile) or ASA terpolymer. The acrylic acid in the poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) increases the wettability of the polymer. Different salts of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) are used in the water purification processes as water clarification aid and in drilling fluids. Additional -COOH groups make the polymer even more hydrophilic, and polymers such as poly(acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) are easily water soluble and used as liquid thickeners. 

PP poly(propylene), PS poly(styrene), MAH maleic anhydride, MA methacrylic acid, S styrene, PE poly(ethylene), PPE poly(phenylene ether), LDPE low-density PE, EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, SAN styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, EPR ethylene-propylene copolymer, NMAC A -methacrylyl caprolactam, GMA glycidyl methacrylate, FA fumaric acid, AEFO anhydride and epoxide functionalized olefin copolymer, SEBS styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene copolymer, HDPE high-density PE, AN acrylonitrile, and S-MAH-MMA styrene-maleic anhydride-methyl methacrylate copolymer. 

A polymer alloy was prepared by Lavengood, PateL and Padwa [6]. This alloy is comprised of ABS with polybutadiene rubber, a polyamide such as nylon-6 or nylon-11, and a compatibilizer. The polyamide and ABS are immiscible. The compatibilizer is selected in a fashion that it is either partially or completely miscible with the graft copolymer, and has acid functional groups that can be made to react with the end groups of polyamides. This can be a terpolymer of styrene, acrylonitrile, and maleic acid. The resulting polymer alloy has been a successful product in the commercial arena under the name of Triax 1000. The performance properties were a step change improvement. 

Maleic acid derivatives, electrolytic reduction, 42 Maleic acid salts, Diels-Alder with PVC, 472 Maleic acid terpolymers, 296 Maleic anhydride, perdeuterated, styrene copolymerization, 366... 

Figure 3.20 shows a pyrogram of polymethylmethacrylate copolymerised to contain 1 and 10% of acrylic or methacrylic acid. By this procedure, copolymerised acrylic or methacrylic acid has been identified in terpolymers with (a) butyl acrylate and styrene, (b) methylmethacrylate and ethyl acrylate and, (c) ethylene and propylene. A methyl methacrylate - methylstyrene - maleic acid terpolymer, when examined by this propylation - pyrolysis procedure, yielded dipropyl fumerate and a smaller amount of dipropyl maleate. 

Some specific recent applications of the GC-MS technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [49,50], poly(l-octene) [51], poly(l-decene) [51], poly(l-dodecene) [51], 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecene terpolymer [51], chlorinated polyethylene [52], polyolefins [53, 54], acrylic acid methacrylic acid copolymers [55], polyacrylates [56], styrene-butadiene and other rubbers [57-59], nitrile rubber [60], natural rubbers [61, 62], chlorinated natural rubber [63, 64], polychloroprene [65], PVC [66-68], silicones [69, 70], polycarbonates [71], styrene-isoprene copolymers [72], substituted PS [73], polypropylene carbonate [74], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [75], Nylon [76], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane a-methyl styrene copolymers [77], m-cresol-novolac epoxy resins [78], polymeric flame retardants [79], poly(4-N-alkyl styrenes) [80], polyvinyl pyrrolidone [81], vinyl pyrrolidone-methyl acryloxysilicone copolymers [82], polybutylcyanoacrylate [83], polysulfide copolymers [84], poly(diethyl-2-methacryloxy)ethyl phosphate [85], ethane-carbon monoxide copolymers [86], polyetherimide [87], bisphenol A [88], ethyl styrene [89], styrene-isoprene block copolymer [89], polyvinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate [90], epoxide thiol [91], maleic acid-propylene copolymer [92], P-hydroxy butyrate-P-hydroxy valerate copolymer [93], polycaprolactams [39,94], PS [95,96], polypyrrole [95,96], polyhydroxy alkanoates [97], poly(p-chloromethyl) styrene [81], polybenzooxazines and siloxy substituted polyoxadisila-pentanylenes [98,99] poly benzyl methacrylates [100], polyolefin blends after ageing in soil [101] and polystyrene peroxide [43]. 

Styrene/maleic anhydride/methacrylic acid terpolymer (1 1 1)... 

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