PANI matrix

Besides methanol and ethanol, only a few other small molecules (HCOOH, HCHO, CO), have been oxidized at electron conducting polymer electrodes modified by incorporation of platinum microparticles. The first study on formic acid oxidation at Pt particles dispersed in a PAni matrix was carried out, as early as 1986, by Gholamian et al. [57], They found that the incorporation of 100 pg cm of Pt into PAni was sufficient to enhance considerably the oxidation rate of formic acid (ten-fold increase). The cyclic voltammograms recorded with 0.5 M HCOOH in 0,5 M H2SO4 displayed an enhanced oxidation current particularly for the first oxidation peak at 0.2 V/SCE, attributed to the oxidation of the weakly adsorbed intermediate (reactive species). The second peak, at 0.6 V/SCE, attributed to the oxidation of the strongly chemisorbed... 

In this work, we describe the synthesis and characterization of SWNT/PANI composite films with SWNT incorporated into PANI matrix via electrochemical composite codeposition technique during electropolymerization. The SWNT/PANI composite film modified by electrochemically depositing platinum subsequently shows much higher mass activity and long-term stability for formaldehyde oxidation than a pure PANI film. 

Recent studies have explored different mechanisms of antimicrobial action by designing hybrid nanomaterials that provide a new approach to killing microbes. One option employs a low-cost methodology to prepare nanosized copper-PANI nanocomposite materials with enhanced antibacterial and antifungal properties. Copper oxide nanocrystals immobilised in a PANI matrix coated onto fabrics for the improvement of antimicrobial activity could be an excellent application in coating technology. 

Interest in the development of PANI/TiO nanocomposites has significantly increased in the period 1993-2009 [40-83], and this growing trend of the scientific research output regarding PANI/TiO nanocomposites showed further acceleration in the period 2010-2012 [84-135], since the embedding of TiO into the PANI matrix can improve heat resistance, mechanical, dielectric, magnetic, catalytic, and microwave absorption properties, as well as the processability of PANI. On the other side, PANI film on TiOj nano/microparticles leads to the photosensitization of TiO and consequently to better photocatalytic performances of PANI/TiO compared with pure TiO. ... 

Ding et al. prepared functionalized graphene/carbon nanotube/PPy ternary nanocomposites by one-step electrochemical polymerization [143]. The functionalized graphene and carbon nanotube disperses homogeneously in the PANI matrix and the ternary nanocomposite is highly... 

Saini et al. [6] synthesized PANl/BaTiO nanocomposites by in-situ emulsion polymerization route, leading to uniform dispersion of BaTiO nanoparticles (Figure 9.28) within PANI matrix. 

PANI Clinoptilolite Iron Casting Tafel polarisation in 1 M H SO, 1 M HCl and 3.5% NaCl The encapsulation of PANI in the Clinoptilolite channels and the dispersion of Clinoptilolite layers in PANI matrix enhance the corrosion protection of composite layer with respect to pure aniline. [75]... 

The present stucfy uses Raman spectroscopy techniques to investigate the origin of the reinforcing effect of SWCNTs in PAni fibers. This is achieved through evaluation of the degree of orientation of the tubes and determination of load transfer from the PAni matrix to the SWCNTs. 

The Raman shift of the D band of SWNTs during tensile test suggests a degree of load transfer between PAni matrix and SWNTs which results from a strong nanotube-polymer interface. 

Since, the processing parameters including take-up, drawing and thermal stretching ratio were the same for all fibers, the improvement of mechanical properties with the addition of SWNTs could be attributed mainly to reinforcing of the PANi matrix through load transfer to oriented nanotube ropes. It has been shown that the formation... 

The AMPSA in DCAA was shown to be a highly effective dispersant for CNTs. Rheological studies and Raman spectroscopy studies indicated strong interactions between the SWNTs and the PANi. These interactions very likely contributed to the effective transfer of load and charge between the PANi matrix and the SWNT fibers. 

The above principle was used in the design of a selective layer for detection of HCN. It is based on a polyaniline (PANI) matrix electropolymerized on a Pt electrode. Metal clusters of Hg or Ag are formed by the spontaneous decrease of WF as discussed above. A typical response of the oxidized PANPHg layer to step-change of HCN concentration from 0 to 19.3 ppm is shown in Figure 10.8. 

Incorporation of single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) into PANI matrix reduced significantly the defects in PANI structure and improved efficiency of the catalytic oxidation of methanol [106]. 

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