Agglomeration tendency

Pollutant (if particulate) Size range and distribution Particle shape Agglomeration tendencies Corrosiveness Abrasiveness Hygroscopic tendencies Stickiness InflanunabiUty Toxicity Electrical resistivity Reactivity... 

Dewettinck, K., Deroo, L., Messens, W. and Huyghebaert, A., Agglomeration tendency during top-spray fluidized bed coating with gums, Lebensmittel Wissenschaft Technologie, 31 (1998) 576-584. 

The crystals are mechanically sensitive and their high density (6.4 g/cm3) results in fast sedimentation. In view of their agglomeration tendency and occupational health (toxicity) risks, they are not produced in powder form, but are flushed from the aqueous phase into suitable organic solvents or resins and handled as stabilized dispersions. 

The agglomerating for agglutinating) tendency of coal may also be determined by the Roga test (ISO 335), and the Roga index (calculated from the abrasion properties when a mixture of a specific coal and anthracite is heated) is used as an indicator of the agglomerating tendencies of coals (Table 7.4). 

Free-swelling index measure of the agglomerating tendency of coal heated to 800°C (1470°F) in a crucible. Coals with a high index are referred to as coking coals, those with a low index are referred to as free-burning coal. 

Pretreatment mild oxidation of coal to eliminate caking (agglomeration) tendencies. 

Natarajan, E., Ohman, M., Gabra, M., Nordin, A., Liliedahl, T. andRao, A.N. (1998). Experimental Determination of Bed Agglomeration Tendencies of Some Common Agricultural Residues in Fluidized Bed Combustion and Gasification. Biomass Bioener., 15, 163-169. 

Where Nvi is the observed number of particles per unit volume in the ith sample and "Nv is the arithmetic mean number of particles in n samples. (The index i refers to the ith sample in a set of n samples, and not to the particle size class). Maximum homogeneity is characterized by a minimum standard deviation other hand, special separating or agglomerating tendencies exist among the particles, the value of [Pg.33]

The vibrating fluidized bed is useful for processing particles that are difficult to fluidize because of stickiness, wide polydispersity, agglomerating tendency, large size, and extreme friability. High-frequency (10-100 Hz) and small-amplitude (1-10 mm) vibrations imparted to relatively shallow beds of particulate solids have been found to facilitate fluidization of difficult-to-fluidize solids. The use of such a fluidized bed for the chemical reactor has been evaluated by Mazumdar (1984). The detailed transport characteristics of a vibrating fluidized bed were recently outlined by Endesz et al. (1989). 

Because of low solubility of the compound in pure water, for the oral administration a suspension in an aqueous solution of hydroxyethylcellulose (0.5 %) was used. The solid state physical parameters (particle size, surface area, amorphicity and crystal modification) and the suspension properties (agglomeration tendency, homogenicity and dissolved part of the drug) had to be investigated. For the intravenous administration, an aqueous solution containing saline, DMSO and PEG 400 was used as formulation. 

Natarajan E.. Ohman M., Gabra M., Nordin A., Liliedahl T. Rao A.N. (1998) Experimental determination of bed agglomeration tendencies of some common agricultural residues in fluidized bed combustion and gasification. Biomass and Bioenergy, 15 (2), 163-169. 

The main objective of the static heating experiments was to elucidate interaction processes between biomass ash and bed material grains with respect to the agglomeration tendency. Prom the observations, it can be stated in general that ash/bed material interactions are very important. Differences in interaction have been established for different ash/bed material mixtures, but also as a function of heating temperature. 

ABSTRACT The agglomeration tendency of the bed material in FB boilers can be studied with both XRD and SEM-EDS. XRD gives mformation on the identity of the crystalline phases as well as on the content of amorphous material in the sample. SEM-EDS can be utilized to reveal the compositional distribution of the particles and their coating layers. The coihbination of these two techniques facilitates the better prediction of the bed behaviour during the combustion. The relative amount of amorphous material is connected to the deposition and agglomeration behaviour during combustion. 

This work is a part of a systematic investigation with a main objective to establish a connection between the content of amorphous material in the bed and the agglomeration tendency during the FB combustion. The present paper discusses two... 

Skrifvars B. J., et al. (1999) Predicting Bed Agglomeration Tendencies for Biomass Fuels Fired in FBC Boilers A Comparison of Three Different Prediction Methods, Energy and Fuels 13, 359-363. 

As mentioned before (Sections 4.2.3.5 to 4.2.3.7), natural agglomeration tendencies, assisted by suitable external influences, are often used to enlarge the size of micrometer and submicrometer particles in order to make possible or at least facilitate their removal from contaminated gaseous or liquid effluents. Included in these applications are electrostatically or acoustically assisted filters, wet scrubbers, flocculation in clarifiers of all sorts, etc. ... 

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