Ternary nanocomposite morphology

Influence of Dynamic Processes on Ternary Nanocomposite Morphology.221... 

INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC PROCESSES ON TERNARY NANOCOMPOSITE MORPHOLOGY 11.4.1 INFLUENCE OF PROCESSING (MIXING SEQUENCE)... 

Schematic illustration of clay and CNTs morphology in chitosan nanocomposites is shown in Figure 4.8. In the composites based on chitosan/CNTs containing 0.4 wt % CNTs, nanotubes can be well dispersed in chitosan, but no filler network could be formed due to its low concentration (Figure 4.8a). In the composites based on chitosan/clay containing 3 wt % clay, formation of 2D clay platelets network is possible (Figure 4.8b). In chitosan/clay-CNTs ternary nanocomposites, ID CNTs are confined in 2D clay platelets network, which results in a much jammed and conjugated 3D clay-CNTs network (Figure 4.8c). The interactions and networks in the system can be divided into (1) clay-clay network, (2) clay-CNTs network, (3) CNTs-polymer-clay bridging, (4) polymer-polymer network. The formation of different networks and interactions could be the main reason for the observed synergistic reinforcement of CNT and clay...

Asi Asif, A., Leena, K., Rao, V. L., Ninan, K. N. Hydroxyl terminated poly (ether ether ketone) with pendant methyl group-toughened epoxy clay ternary nanocomposites Preparation, morphology, and thermomechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 106 (2007) 2936-2946. 

Wang, K Chen, Y and Zhang, Y. (2008) Effects of organoclay platelets on morphology and mechanical properties in PTT/EPDM-g-MA/organoday ternary nanocomposites. Polymer, 49, 3301. 

N. Dayma, B.K. Satapathy, Morphological interpretations and micromechanical properties of polyamide-6/polypropylene-grafted-maleic anhydride/nanoclay ternary nanocomposites, Materials and Design 31 (10) (2010) 4693-4703. 

More recently, some authors [59] and [65] have studied the effect of ternary blend morphologies on mechanical properties. Martins [65] prepared ternary nanocomposites of PP (-t-PP-g-acrylic acid)/ EVA/organoclay (60/40/5) by different blending procedures. He showed different localization of the... 

In Reference 107, the effect of grafting of a polar group (MAH) onto LDPE chains and the chemical modification of clay particles with 2,6-diaminocaproic acid (L-lysine monohydrochloride) to produce nanocomposites with a matrix composed of a ternary blend of PEs (LDPE, LLDPE, and HDPE) was studied in detail. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the exfoliation degree of the clay. Morphological features were revealed by scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis disclosed the thermal stability of the samples. Comparative analyses of the mechanical (under tension) and rheological properties of the nanocomposites were carried out as well. 

In this article, recent developments in the formation and properties of epoxy layered silicate nanocomposites are reviewed. The effect of processing conditions on cure chemistry and morphology is examined, and their relationship to a broad range of material properties elucidated. An understanding of the intercalation mechanism and subsequent influences on nanocomposite formation is emphasized. Recent work involving the structure and properties of ternary, thermosetting nanocomposite systems which incorporate resin, layered silicates and an additional phase (fibre, thermoplastic or rubber) are also discussed, and future research directions in this highly active area are canvassed. 

Preparation of materials. Blends and nanocomposites were obtained by melt blending of components in co-rotating twin-screw extruder Rheomex PTW 25/16 with L/D ratio 25 and screw diameter 16 mm. The screw speed was set on 100 rpm for all extrusion processes. The ternary composition POM/TPU/MMT was obtained in two stages. First POM/TPU blend was prepared at weight ratio 60 40 in order to achieve fine domain morphology of TPU and then POM/TPU batch was mixed with neat POM and nanofiller. The compositions of blend and nanocomposite materials discussed in this paper are collected in Table 2. 

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