Tendons development

From the viscous stress-strain curve using Equations (4.1), (4.2), and (8.2) we can calculate the collagen fibril length. The collagen fibril lengths in tendon range from about 20 pm for during tendon development to in excess... 

McBride, D.J., Hahn, R.A. and Silver, F.H. (1985) Morphological characterization of tendon development during chick embrvogenesis Measurement of birefringence retardation. Int. J. Biol. MacromoL, 7, 71-76. 

Neurological symptoms result from demyelination of the spinal cord and are potentially irreversible. The symptoms and signs characteristic of a vitamin B 2 deficiency include paresthesis of the hands and feet, decreased deep-tendon reflexes, unsteadiness, and potential psychiatric problems such as moodiness, hallucinations, delusions, and psychosis. Neuropsychiatric disorders sometimes develop independently of the anemia, particularly in elderly patients. Visual loss may develop as a result of optic atrophy. 

P3h1 mice do not die prematurely but have abnormal collagen fibril morphology in tendon, decreased bone density, and abnormalities in skin and developing limbs lethal at El 1.5 basement membrane is not formed well by electron microscopy... 

A small amount of manganese (1.5 to 5.0 milligrams) is required in the diets of humans for normal development of tendon, bones, and some enzymes, and it is thought to be necessary for the body to utilize vitamin Bl. Manganese is found in many foods, including peas, beans, bran, nuts, coffee, and tea. 

The ECM has a very wide variety of functions it establishes mechanical connections between cells it creates structures with special mechanical properties (as in bone, cartilage, tendons, and joints) it creates filters (e. g., in the basal membrane in the renal corpuscles see p.322) it separates cells and tissues from each other (e.g., to allow the Joints to move freely) and it provides pathways to guide migratory cells (important for embryonic development). The chemical composition of the ECM is just as diverse as its functions. 

Although MBK is considered to be only a mild sensory irritant with acute exposure, an outbreak of neuropathy among workers in a coated fabrics plant in 1973 revealed the more serious consequences of chronic exposure. Workers exposed to the mixed vapor of MBK (averaging 9.2 ppm in front of printing machines and 3 6 ppm behind) for 6-12 months with extensive skin exposure developed peripheral neuropathy. " The neurological pattern was one of a distal motor and sensory disorder, with minimal loss of tendon reflexes. In those with prominent motor involvement, initial... 

Fluoroquinolones Tendonitis, Achilles tendon rupture, contraindicated in patients less than 18 years old because of effects on cartilage development... 

Of the specific cannabinoids studied at Edgewood, pharmacologic data are available on DMHP. It was effective in producing sedation in animals at oral doses lower than 0.5 mg/kg. Several doses and routes of administration were studied, up to 1 mg/kg given intravenously. In rats, sedation occurred without initial stimulation in dogs and monkeys, hyperactivity was followed by depression and then, at higher doses, by coma. Motor effects were dramatic, in that animals developed spastic ataxia and showed extremely active deep tendon... 

Zhi Gan Cao is sweet in nature and primarily enters the Spleen meridian. It can tonify the Qi, slow down pathological development, ease the muscles and tendons, and stabilize the Qi and blood. It tonifies the Qi without the side effect of stimulating the Qi, and is particularly suitable in a crucial bleeding condition when the Qi and blood are too weak to bear strong tonification. 

In poultry, manganese deficiency causes a different clinical picture when it affects the egg than when it affects the hatched bird In the case of the egg, the embryo become swollen and deformed, and their skeletons become defective and fragile [ chondrodystrophy"). Adult birds develop perosis (slipped tendon) which is an enlargement and malfunction of the libiiil metatarsal joint, followed hy slipping of the Achilles tendon from the condyles. The bone deformities seen in poultry also can be induced in mammals. 

A 69-year-old man with newly diagnosed giant cell arteritis was given prednisone 30 mg bd, and 2 weeks later developed severe pain along his Achilles tendons bilaterally 1 week later the left tendon ruptured (278). Despite immobilization his pain worsened. The prednisone was gradually tapered and the symptoms abated, with complete recovery. 

Four cases of tendinopathy have been reported in three men and one woman taking statins (60). The diagnoses were extensor tenosynovitis in the hands, tenosynovitis of the tibialis anterior tendon, and Achilles tendinopathy. Two patients were taking simvastatin and two atorvastatin. The tendinopathy developed 1-2 months after the start of treatment. The outcome was consistently favorable within 1-2 months after drug withdrawal. 

Collagen fibrillogenesis in situ Fibril segments become long fibrils as the developing tendon matures. Dev. Dynam. 208, 291-298. 

Watanabe, M., Kobayashi, M., Fujita, Y., Senga, K., Mizutani, H., Ueda, M., and Hoshi-no, T. (1997). Association of type VI collagen with D-periodic collagen fibrils in developing tail tendons of mice. Arch. Histol. Cytol. 60, 427-434. 

Young, B. B., Gordon, M. K., and Birk, D. E. (2000b). Expression of type XTV collagen in developing chicken tendons Association with assembly and growth of collagen fibrils. Dev. Dyn. 217, 430-439. 

Many of the hyperlipidemic states are associated with the development of xanthomas. These lesions, which are produced by deposition of lipid in tendons or skin, may be painful or cosmetically unacceptable to the patient. Because xanthomas regress with lipid-lowering therapy, this provides another indication for treatment. 

G20, G22). Evidence from the WHHL rabbit suggests that the focal deposition of cholesterol in the artery wall and in tendons (seen in the WHHL rabbit and in humans with FH) is a direct response to increased uptake of LDL, perhaps into traumatized tissues, by pathways other than B-100,E receptors. This is in contradistinction to the cholesterol-fed rabbit with a normal LDL receptor system, which develops an entirely different pattern of cholesterol deposition in liver, spleen, and other tissues (B60). 

---