Temperature resins capacity

Resin type Bulk wet density A, (kg/m3) Maximum operating temperature Exchange capacity (dry resin) Qmax (meq/g)... 

Select a machine such that the shot size is between 30 to 80% of machine capacity and for higher temperature resins 60 to 80% of machine capacity. Try to keep the residence time as short as possible. 

The resin capacity increases continuously with temperature. Eventually, the effect is limited by the materials of construction and the thermal stability of the resin. The maximum service temperature of the resin will be 85°C or 90°C, and some margin should be allowed to ensure long resin life. The temperature dependence is not exponential the rate of increase of capacity actually declines as the temperature increases. 

Spivey, et al. have Investigated various factors such as resin capacity, resin phase volume anion adsorption, etc, that affect the sorption of uranium. Trlvlsonno S. has made a literature survey of factors that Influence the adsorption and elution of uranium by and from strong base anion exchange resins. These are similar to the factors Influencing solvent extraction and Include, other than those already mentioned, uranium concentration, anion concentration, pH, the presence of other metallic Ions and foreign anions, temperature, resin size, porosity, cross-linkage, etc. 

Dg remains constant over a wide range of resin to liquid ratios. In a relatively short time, by simple equilibration of small known amounts of resin and solution followed by analysis of the phases, the distribution of solutes may be followed under many different sets of experimental conditions. Variables requiring investigation include the capacity and percent cross-linkage of resin, the type of resin itself, the temperature, and the concentration and pH of electrolyte in the equilibrating solution. 

Storage. For receiving glycerol from standard 30.3-m (8000-gal) tank cars (36.3-t), a storage tank of 38—45-m ((10-12) x 10 — gal) capacity should be employed. Preferably it should be of stainless steel (304 or 316), of stainless- or nickel-clad steel, or of aluminum. Certain resin linings such as Lithcote have also been used. Glycerol does not seriously corrode steel tanks at room temperature but gradually absorbed moisture may have an effect. Therefore, tanks should be sealed with an air-breather trap. 

There are no significant health hazards arising from exposure to poly(vinyl chloride) at ambient temperature (154—158). However, a British study has found a small decrease in breathing capacity for workers who smoked and were exposed to vinyl resin dust (159). This decrease was about one-seventh of that caused by normal aging and about equal to that expected with a one-pack-a-day cigarette smoker. 

Example 8 Estimation of Rate Coejficient Estimate the rate coefficient for flow of a 0.01-M water solution of NaCl through a bed of cation exchange particles in hydrogen form with e = 0.4. The superficial velocity is 0.2 cm/s and the temperature is 25 C. The particles are 600 im in diameter, and the diffusion coefficient of sodium ion is 1.2 X 10 cmVs in solution and 9.4 X 10 cmVs inside the particles (of. Table 16-8). The bulk density is 0.7 g dry resin/cnd of bed, and the capacity of the resin is 4.9 mequiv/g dry resin. The mass action eqiiihbrium constant is 1.5. 

Type of resin Maximum and minimum flow, m/ h [gal/(min-fd)] Minimum hed depth, m (in) Maximum operating temperatures, (°F) Usahle capacity, g-equivalent/Lf Regenerant, g/L resinf... 

Lithium insertion in microporous hard carbons (region 3 in Fig. 2) is described in section 6. High capacity hard carbons can be made from many precursors, such as coal, wood, sugar, and different types of resins. Hard carbons made from resole and novolac resins at temperatures near 1000°C have a reversible capacity of about 550 mAh/g, show little hyteresis and have a large low voltage plateau on both discharge and charge. The analysis of powder X-ray diffraction. 

Fig. 20. Voltage-capacity profiles for the second cycles of lithium/carbon cells made from ENR resin heated at different temperatures as indicated.

Additional samples were prepared from the three resins and were heated at temperatures between 940° and 1100°, under different inert gas flow rate and with different heating rates. The samples have different microporosities and show different capacities for lithium insertion. The results for all the carbons prepared from resins are shown in Fig. 32, which shows the reversible capacity plotted as a function of R. The reversible capacity for Li insertion increases as R decreases. This result is consistent with the result reported in reference 12,... 

Polyacene is classified as a material which does not belong to either soft or hard carbons [84], It is also made by heat-treatment of phenol resin. As the heat-treatment temperature is lower than about 1000 °C, polyacene contains hydrogen and oxygen atoms. It has a conjugated plane into which lithium ions are doped. It was reported that the discharge capacity of polyacene is more than 1000 mAhg. However, there are no practical lithium-ion batteries using polyacene. 

Type 1 and 2 resins Refers to SBA resins. Type 1 resins are either standard (particularly good temperature and oxidation stability) or porous (higher capacity and resistance against organic fouling). The structure of type 2 resins is similar to type 1 but provides for maximum capacity and resistance to fouling. 

Standard test for hydrolytic stability. The hydrolytic stability of the chlorinated resins was determined by the following test procedure. An acid digestion autoclave having a volume of 125 ml is charged with 40 ml of resin and 28 ml of deionized water. The bomb is sealed and transferred into an oven, pre-heated to 200 °C. The test is continued for 24 hours. The bomb is removed and cooled to ambient temperature. The liquid is separated from the resin and the chlorine content analyzed while the resin is washed thoroughly and its acid capacity is determined as described in section 5. The test results are shown in Table 2. 

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