British study

There are no significant health hazards arising from exposure to poly(vinyl chloride) at ambient temperature (154—158). However, a British study has found a small decrease in breathing capacity for workers who smoked and were exposed to vinyl resin dust (159). This decrease was about one-seventh of that caused by normal aging and about equal to that expected with a one-pack-a-day cigarette smoker. 

Three other studies were conducted to investigate the preventive potential of tamoxifen. One in Italy (Veronesi et al. 1998), one at the Royal Marsden Hospital, United Kingdom (Powles et al. 1998), and a multicentric international study (IBIS 2002). The British study was the smallest in size (2471 participants) but concentrated on women with a high incidence of family history and consequently presented a higher number of breast cancers. The Italian trial included only women with previous hysterectomy and, accordingly, around 50% had also undergone bilateral oophorectomy. The family risk was low only 15% had a first-degree relative affected by breast cancer. Both European studies permitted concurrent HRT, and 26% of the participants in the British trial received HRT while on study and 42% had ever received HT for menopausal symptoms. Neither of the studies showed any positive effect of the treatment with tamoxifen on the incidence of breast cancer. Reasons for this lack of effect can be different for each trial. 

The main source of E. coli 0157 H7 is from the manure of ruminants (cattle, sheep) and sewage (Chase-Topping et al., 2008). Other livestock and wildlife have lower frequency of carriage. Although the estimates of STEC vary seasonally, and between herds, approximately 2-100% of cattle harbor E. coli 0157 H7 (Hancock et al, 1997). In a 12-month abattoir study in Great Britain, Milnes et al. (2008) determined the fecal carriage of STEC 0157 to be 4.7% in cattle, 0.7% in sheep, and 0.3% in swine. Conversely, in another British study, Hutchison et al. (2005) isolated... 

One British study found amphetamine to be no different than placebo in the treatment of depressed outpatients (188) a second study found amphetamine less effective than phenelzine and no better than placebo (189) and a Veteran s Administration (VA) study found dextroamphetamine no more effective than placebo in hospitalized depressed patients (1,90). Uncontrolled clinical evidence indicates that amphetamine may occasionally be of value, but, except for a mild, early, transient benefit, there is no evidence that amphetamine can ameliorate moderate-to-severe depressive episodes. 

Cf. Harold Cook, Good Advice and Little Medicine The Professional Authority of Early Modern English V ys c 2d s y Journal of British Studies 33 (1994), i—31. 

English Physicians , Journal of British Studies, 33 (1994), i—31. Cook, Judith, Dr Simon Foreman, a Most Notorious Physician (2001). 

Genes encoding for apolipoprotein C-I (APOC-I), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA-I), apolipoprotein C3 (APOCIII), and apolipoprotein A4 (APOA-IV) have all been subject to studies on longevity. In a small British study conducted in subjects aged 84 years and older, the authors examined APOE and APOC-I genes, as they are less than 10 kb apart, and APOC-I genotype... 

Although they were mostly enthusiastic about the potential therapeutic benefits of chlorpromazine, these early pioneers were at pains to point out that they did not believe that the drug acted on the disease process or had any specific effect on psychotic or schizophrenic symptoms. The authors of an early British study of chlorpromazine s effects in chronically psychotic long-term institutionalised patients concluded that in no case was the content of the psychosis changed. The schizophrenic and paraphrenic patients continued to be subject to delusions... 

It is frequently claimed that lithium reduces the risk of suicide in people with manic depression. Meta-analyses of numerous diverse studies claim to show that people with manic depression or depression who take lithium have lower suicide rates than people who do not (Baldessarini et al. 2006). However the studies included in these analyses yield conflicting results. For example, a large British study found that people taking lithium had suicide rates that were 36 times higher than general population rates (Norton Whalley 1984). In addition, those studies that find an association between lithium and reduced rates of... 

A British study conducted on the basis of prescription-even monitoring (PEM) involved cohorts exceeding 10,000 patients for paroxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, and fluoxetine (Mackay et ah, 1997). The study confirmed the general similarity of reported adverse events, with two possible exceptions Fluvoxamine (Luvox) had an increased number of reported adverse events, and paroxetine (Paxil) had an increased number of reported withdrawal reactions. 

Pedersen, J. S. (1975). Schoolmistresses and headmistresses Elites and education in nineteenth century England. Journal of British Studies 15(1) 135-162. See also Burstall, S. A. (April 1924). Memories. Magazine of the Manchester High School 15—17. 

Kent, S. K (1988). The politics of sexual difference World War I and the demise of British feminism. Journal of British Studies 27 232-253. 

Guerlac, Henry. Newton on the Continent (Cornell University Press, 1981). Guerrini, Anita. The Tory Newtonians Gregory, Pitcairne, and Their Circle. Journal of British Studies 25, 1986, 288-311. 

You ve heard all the statistics. Smoking kills more than 19,000 men and women every year. In the United States that number is 400,000 deaths annually, 180,000 of which are due to heart attacks and strokes. A British study calculated that the average smoker burns up 160,000 in a lifetime. Numbers and more numbers. Yada, yada, yada. 

The use of transdermal patches for administering testosterone to hypogonadal men ( Andropatch ) seems logical and convenient, but a British study in 50 treated patients showed that patient acceptance was surprisingly poor (70). There were adverse effects in 84%, mostly skin problems 72% requested a return to depot injections, and 5% returned to oral therapy. The reservoir patches, 6 cm in diameter, were, to quote the report hteraUy, judged to be too large. 

With the exception of the Spanish study, all the reported CFS cases followed long-term, chronic exposures or disease onset long after exposure. In the British study, infections immediately preceded the reported onset of CFS. These studies, while suggestive, do not establish a causal relationship between chemical exposure and CFS. CFS has immune, nervous, and endocrine system involvement. It should not be surprising, however, that chemicals that affect these body systems can contribute to, if not be a cause of, CFS. This subject is pursued further in Section 26.12. 

Cherry N, Venables H, Waldron HA British studies on the neuropsychological effects of solvent exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 10 (suppl 1) 10-12, 1984 Cherry N, Hutchins H, Pace T, et al Neurobehavioural effects of repeated occupational exposure to toluene and paint solvents. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 42 291-300, 1985... 

Cherry N, Venables H, Waldron HA British studies on the neuropsychological effects of solvent exposure. Scand J Work Environ Health 10 (suppl 1) 10-12, 1984... 

It has also been called into question whether TM if used alone is more likely to induce resistant bacterial strains than in the cotrimoxazole product. A decade-long experience of treating UTIs with TM alone in Finland found no emergence of widespread resistance. Opposite results were apparently found in a British study with species of Enterobacteriaceae. 

The importance of the intactness was shown in a recent British study. There was about twice as much loss of THC over a year s time if the marijuana was passed throi h a 0.33 mm mesh than if a 1 mm mesh was used the experiment was conducted in a dark room kept at 20 C. Even so, the yearly loss in the more finely powdered samples raried from 16 to 43%, for unknown reasons. The effect of light was also significant over a one-year period. The decrease in THC was 36% in the light versus 13% in the dark. Light has a greater effect on manicured marijuana than on intact material. 

A British study in a cohort of 1191 persons aged 60 years or older also showed that subjects with TSH concentration lower than 0.5mU/l exhibited an increase in they risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (Parle et al., 2001). A US study, on the contrary, showed a statistically significant increase in mortality in the subclinical hyperthyroidism group, which disappeared after adjustment for age and sex (Gappola et al, 2006). 

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