Wash load

Wash loaded DEAE-cellulose on Buechner funnel with 3 liters of buffer A/0.2 M KCl. 

The lower part of the diagram shows that this modern system allows you to fine-tune water consumption and wash load. The upper line shows the old type half-load button version still used in some European machines where it is up to the user to decide if his actual load is half or full load. Sometimes he is wrong and the wash and consumption results are not as good as they could be. 

A quite important parameter for the operation of washing machines is their load. There are several ways to measure the wash load, e.g the force required to rotate the drum/tub/pulsator could be measured and the required amount of water worked out accordingly, or the machine load could be measured by a remote pressure-sensing device with piezoresistive transducers and wireless communication... 

In some other washing machines that have recently entered the market, the wash load is detected by a weight sensor that measures the elongation of the spiral springs where the tub is suspended inside the washing machine. This is known as a load size indicator . Based on information from the detergent manufacturer, it tells the customer how much detergent to use. 

The easiest way of measuring movement of the suds container is with distance sensors. Chapter 5.5 describes some typical examples. The advantage of these sensors is that they are also used to monitor the washing load. Their drawback is the high price. 

However, the amount of water was virtually independent of the laundry weight and therefore the washing of smaller loads became ineffective. New techniques, such as the Mengenautomatik , created a correlation between the wash load and the water requirement. A consumption of 70 1 of water for 5 kg of laundry and 50 1 for 1 kg was achieved. This is clearly a noticeable reduction, but there was still a wide gap between the specific water consumption of large and small laundry loads. With a full load it was possible to wash with 14 1/kg, while a 1 kg load still required 50 1/kg (Fig. 5.63). The Mengenautomatik was therefore a solution that in time could not keep up with the growing environmental awareness of both manufacturers and consumers. 

At the end of an additional time T2 the total quantity of absorbed water is measured. This term Suction Amount is defined as the total absorbing capacity of the introduced load. Through this, a large amount of absorbed water corresponds to a large load, a small amount of water to a small load. The results of the experiments show that the type and size of a washing load is related to the Suction Speed and the Suction Amount . Apart from this recognized tendency (Fig. 5.67), the results are somewhat fuzzy and thus justify the use of FUZZY CONTROL . 

The laundering process will become more energy-efficient and use less water and adequate low amount of detergent. It will be more or less automatically adapted to the types of textiles, the washing program, dirt content, wash load, to temperature levels accepted and the detergents used, using sophisticated electronic control systems. 

Detergent enzyme performance is often reported in the form of such dose-response curves. The performance increases dramatically at the beginning, but reaches a maximum levd at higher enzyme concentrations. The extent to which the enzyme is able to remove stains from the fabric depends on the detergent system, temperature, pH, washing time, wash load, etc. Enzyme wash performance varies between liquid and powder detergents and with the composition of the soiling (Fig. 6). 

The particles that are picked up and carried along by streams and rivers, maintained in suspension by turbulence. The colloidal-sized fraction, particles of up to about 0.1 pm in diameter, that may be able to remain in suspension for considerable periods of time, even in quiescent waters, is called the wash load. 

Wash Load Wet Oil Wetting Film Wetting Hysteresis... 

A typical wash load consists of several types of soils which must be solubilized or degraded by a combination of the detergent and machine. Detergents must control both food soils introduced by the items washed and inorganic scale produced by hardness ions in the wash water. Food soils consisting of either proteinaceous, starchy, or fatty materials must not only be effectively removed from the dishware, but they must also be prevented from redepositing on items being washed. 

Wash load, which is typically taken to consist of all particles of less than 63 im. 

Here sediment concentration measured at any point in the river cross-section should be constant. In practice, the size of particles being transported as wash load may vary with flow velocity. 

Clearly the measurement of these three transport modes requires different techniques. Wash load and suspended bed material load tend to be monitored together, either directly through sampling of water and sediment from the flow profile or indirectly through monitoring of turbidity. 

Fine (wash load) concentration determined from that portion of the sediment passing through a filter. There are a range of analysis techniques which can give variation in concentration data. 

Use 1/2 cup in wash cycle per normal wash load or a small amount in cold water for fine fabrics. 

---