Temperature, meaning

Krypton difluoride cannot be synthesized by the standard high pressure-high temperature means used to prepare xenon fluorides because of the low thermal stabitity of KrF. There are three low temperature methods which have proven practical for the preparation of gram and greater amounts of KrF (141—143). Radon fluoride is most conveniently prepared by reaction of radon gas with a tiquid halogen fluoride (CIE, CIE, CIE, BrE, or lE ) at room temperature (144,145). 

Any work developed by the turboexpander is at the expense of the enthalpy of the process stream, and the latter is correspondingly cooleci. A low inlet temperature means a correspondingly lower outlet temperature, and the lower the temperature range, the more effective the expansion process becomes. 

The tendency of the material to oxidise in air particularly at melt temperatures means that the melt should come in contact with air as little as possible. 

The PMV index can be determined when the activity (metabolic rate) and the clothing (thermal resistance) are estimated and the following environmental parameters are measured air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative air velocity, and partial water vapor pressure (see ISO EN 7726). 

The three categories in Table 6.3 apply to spaces where persons are exposed to the same thermal environment. It is advantageous if some kind of individual control over the thermal environment can be established for each person in a space. Individual control of the local air temperature, mean radiant temperature, or air velocity may contribute to reducing the rather large differences between individual requirements and therefore provide fewer dissatisfied. 

ISO 7726 provides a description of the parameters that should be measured (air temperature, mean radiant temperature, plane radiant temperature, air velocity, and humidity) together with methods of measurement... 

Operative temperature Mean air velocity cooling heatins ... 

TTie ability of the ventilation system to protect the worker efficiently can readily be determined by personal samples. The PIMEX method (see Chapter 12) can be used to determine the worker s exposure during various work phases. The capture efficiency as well as the supply air fraction can be measured using tracer gas techniques. Simple evaluation is carried out visually with smoke tube or pellet tests. Daily system evaluation is recommended using airflow or static pressure measurements at appropriate parts of the system. The air velocities, turbulence intensities, air temperature, mean radiant temperature, and air humidity should also be measured to provide an assessment ol thermal comfort. 

As the name suggests these cells use an electrol5de of molten carbonates (generally of lithium and potassium) and in order to keep the carbonates molten and provide good conductivity the cells need to operate at around 650 °C. This type of cell is becoming increasingly favoured for commercial power production. The moderate operating temperature means that... 

Figure 8. Sea surface temperature (SST), Land area temperature (LAT), and Combined global mean temperature (MEAN) (NOAA-NCDC, 2001)...

RI = radiation intensity RH = relative humidity RT = relative temperature SH = soil moisture ST = soil temperature. Mean and range for each variable. Means followed by different letters (a, b) within the same column indicate statistically significant differences (P <0.05). 

The "decrease of the spin temperature means an increase of population difference between the upper and lower energy spin states and consequently an increased sensitivity of the NMR experiment. From Equation (25), the temperature of dilute spins has been lowered by a factor 7x/y1 h, that is, V4 when X = 13C. This means an increased sensitivity of the FID resonance experiment equal to about 4 for the 13C nuclei. Because the X signal is created from the magnetization of dilute nuclei, the repetition time of NMR experiment depends on the spin-lattice relaxation time of the abundant spin species, protons, which is usually much shorter than the spin-lattice relaxation times of the dilute nuclei. This, a further advantage of cross polarization, delay between two scans can be very short, even in the order of few tens of milliseconds. 

Figure 18. The total heat release to infinite time QT extrapolated according to "Equation 4" versus the inverse absolute temperature. Mean for the 6 commercial hardboards of Asplund and Masonite type and a mean for the 3 semi-hardboards of Figures IS and 17, also data for the groundwood hardboard. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 10. Copyright 1989 De Gruyter.)...

Also, Amie and Alberto [22] obtained good correlations between mean annual water temperatures, mean annual water temperature ranges and heights for the rivers of the Ebro River basin. Comparing the actual water temperature with the estimated water temperature they observed that some rivers (rivers Jalon, Jiloca, Martin) showed higher temperatures than expected. However, although the authors formulated some hypothesis for such alterations (reservoirs, thermal sources) the available data did not suffice to isolate the actual cause. 

We perceive this lower energy as a cooler temperature, meaning that the water vapour in a steam-filled bathroom will cool down conversely, the mirror (and walls) become warmer as they receive the energy that was previously possessed by the steam. These changes in the temperatures of gas and mirror occur in a complementary sense, so no energy is gained or lost. 

Finding that the scattering functions at low temperature are amenable to an MCT description, we are faced with a dilemma. On the one hand, the high-temperature mean-square displacement curves lead us to conclude that dihedral barriers constitute a second mechanism for time scale separation in super-cooled polymer melts besides packing effects. On the other hand, the... 

The question is Find the molar heat of reaction. This means we need the enthalpy change (AH) in kJ/mol (or J/mol) of glucose. The increase in temperature means that this is an exothermic process (negative enthalpy change). 

ICP is an emission technique, which means that it does not use a light source. The light measured is the light emitted by the atoms and monoatomic ions in the atomizer. The ICP atomizer is an extremely hot plasma, which is a high-temperature ionized gas composed of electrons and positive ions confined by a magnetic held. The extremely high temperature means that the atoms and monoatomic ions undergo sufficient excitation (and de-excitation) such that relatively intense emission spectra result. The sample is drawn in with a vacuum mechanism that will be described. The intensity of an emission line is measured and related to concentration. 

D—Nonspontaneous means AG > 0. Becoming spontaneous at lower temperature means AH< 0 and AS < 0. 

D—A steel tank will have a constant volume, and the problem states that the temperature is constant. Adding gas to the tank will increase the number of moles (molecules) of the gas and the pressure (forcing the molecules closer together). A constant temperature means there will be a constant average speed. 

Since the reaction becomes spontaneous, the sign must change. Recalling AG= AH - TAS. The sign change at higher temperature means that the entropy term (with A5 > 0) must become more negative than the enthalpy term (AH> 0). 

B—Dissolving almost always has A5 > 0. A decrease in temperature means the process has AH> 0. 

E—To become spontaneous at a lower temperature means entropy impeded the reaction (entropy was negative). The enthalpy must be negative. Nonspontaneous under standard conditions means AG> 0. 

Absolute temperature Mean value of absolute temperatures of a particular set of data... 

The desirability of insulating the floor has been raised several times before. Initially, the low ventilation and high temperature mean that the layer on the floor remains dry, and we have to look at the physical processes involved in situations where the ground water level... 

Figure 6. Semi quantitative evaluation of spontaneous adsorption of collagen IV conjugated with a fluorescence marker Oregon Green 488 (A) to polyethylene foils iradiated with ions (energy 30 keV, dose from lO to lO ions/cm ), and its correlation with the number of rat aortic smooth muscle cells initially adhering to the polymer on day 1 after seeding (B). Collagen was diluted in phosphate-buffered saline to the concentration of 0.02 mg/ml (10 pg/cm ) and incubated with the foils for 24 h at room temperature. Mean+SEM from 4-9 experiments. Student t-test for unpaired data [43].

---