Temperature mean United States

Increases in global surface temperatures, (a) Time trends reflecting annual and 5-year means. Also shown are dates of large volcanic eruptions and (b) geographic trends based on mean values for the period 2001 to 2005 AD. Temperature anomalies are the temperature differences for a given year or location relative to a base mean value for that year or location. The base period is 1951-1980 AD. Source-. After Hansen, J., et al. (2006). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 14288-14293. (See companion website for color version.)... 

In the Exposure Factors Handbook, US-EPA (1997) has identified three key studies and nine other studies on drinking water intake. The results of these studies, which apart from one are aU from the United States, showed a good agreement across studies for the estimate of the mean and 90th percentile. The results also showed an increase in drinking water intake with age, with level of physical activity, and with ambient temperature, and US-EPA notes that based on body weight, children consume more water than adults, and old people consume more than middle-aged people. Table 7.7 presents the results of one central study (Ershow and Cantor 1989 - cited in US-EPA 1997). Table 7.8 summarizes the results of the three key studies and Table 7.9 the results of the nine other studies. 

Figure 6.2. (A) Variations in %N (which is proportional to C density) with precipitation along the 11 °C isotherm in the Great Plains of the United States. The humidity factor (NSQ, Niederschlag-Sattigungsdefizit from the German, or Meyer s quotient) is the total annual precipitation (mm) divided by the absolute saturation deficit of air (mm mercury). All soils were developed on loess deposits from the last glacial maximum. (B) Change in %N with precipitation along the 19 °C isotherm. Note that relative C density (estimated by assuming that the C/N ratio of SOM is fairly constant) is lower at higher mean annual temperature. Reprinted with permission from Jenny, H. (1941). Factors of Soil Formation, Dover Publications, New York.

Hoses built to United States standards have a four-to-one pressure design safety factor. This means that the maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP) must be one-fourth the hose s minimum burst pressure. This rating is generally specified at 72°F, and many users are unaware that, as the operating temperature increases, the hose assembly s MAWP decreases. [11]... 

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