Teme coatings

An alloy of lead containing 3 to 15% Sn, used as a hot dip coating for steel sheet or plate. Teme coatings, which are smooth and dull in appearance, give the steel better corrosion resistance and enhance its ability to be formed, soldered, or painted. 

Tin—lead coatings (10—60 wt % tin) can be applied by hot-dipping or electrode position to steel and copper fabricated articles and sheet. A special product is teme plate used for roofing and flashings, automobile fuel tanks and fittings, air filters, mufflers, and general uses such as covers, lids, drawers, cabinets, consoles for instruments, and for radio and television equipment. Teme plate is low carbon steel, coated by a hot-dip process with an alloy of tin and lead, commonly about 7—25 wt % tin, remainder lead. Electroplating is another possibility. 

Lead has a good general resistance to various atmospheres. As a coating, it has had its greatest application in the production of teme-plate, which is used as a roofing, cornicing, and spouting material. 

Anti-TNF MAb D2E7 CIEF Catholyte 40-mM NaOH Anolyte 20-mM phosphoric acid Ampholyte Pharmaiyte 8-10.5, Biolyte 7-9, Biolyte 3-10 (8 1 1) containing 0.5% TEMED, 0.2% HPMC Neutral-coated (Beckman) UV (280nm) [117]... 

CIEF has been applied to the separation and quantification of the three main hemoglobin components of umbilical cord blood (fetal, acetylated fetal, and adult hemoglobins). CIEF was performed with a poly (acryloylaminoethoxy-ethonal) [poly(AAEE)] coated capillary and a carrier ampholyte consisting of 5% Ampholine pH 6-8, supplemented with 0.5% TEMED. 

Tin coatings are widely used in the electrical industry because of their good contact properties and in the food industry because of low toxicity. In addition to pure tin coatings a number of alloy coatings have been developed for special applications, e.g. tin-lead (teme plate), tin-zinc, tin-cadmium, tin-bronze and tin-nickel. Reference should made to Section 13.5 and to the publication by Britton for data on the corrosion of tin and its alloys. 

Tin-lead can be substituted for tin for other purposes, although the toxicity of lead limits the field of application. The corrosion resistance is usually no better than that of unalloyed tin, but there may be some saving of cost in applications such as wash-boilers and other vessels for non-potable liquids and light engineering components formed from sheet metal. Heavily coated teme-plates may be used for the fuel tanks of stoves and vehicles. 

Samples, one half coated with SiOa and the other half with Ti02, were used for quantitative surface analysis after each of the siuface treatment steps (cleaning, self-assembly, and polymer and protein adsorption, section 2). These samples exhibit material contrast on a macroscopic scale and are discussed in section 3.1. Micropat-temed surfaces were subjected to identical siuface modification procedures and characterized qualitatively by imaging ToF-SIMS (section 3.2) and fluorescence microscopy (section 3.3) and were used in the cell experiments (section 3.4). In both types of samples, material contrast (on a macroscopic or microscopic scale, Figure la) is converted into contrast with respect to protein adhesion (Figure Ic) via a series of surface modification steps (self-assembly of DDP, adsorption of PLL-g-PEG section 2). 

Teme is steel sheet that is hot dip coated with a lead-tin alloy [20]. Because lead does not readily wet steel, 2-25 % tin is added in order to ensure wetting and bonding of the coating to the substrate. Typical coating thicknesses are in the range of 5-15 pm. The product has good weldability, solderability, and formability. Largest applications have been in the automobile industry, particularly for fuel tanks. 

Hot Dip (b) Coatings used in the automotive industry. Precoated Steels Zinc, zinc-iron, aluminum, aluminum (55%)-zinc, zinc-aluminum (5%), teme (lead-tin), nickel... 

Advancements in materitJs have been one of the most important factors in the development of corrosion-resistant automobiles. For automobile body and chassis parts, use of precoated sheet steel in critical areas, as demonstrated in Fig. 5, is one of the most effective methods of combating corrosion. Early on, hot dip gttlvanized steel and Zincro-metal coated steel were used to prevent perforation corrosion from the inside out in auto-body applications. Today a wide range of materi tls is used including hot dip and electrodeposited zinc, zinc-iron, zinc-nickel, and zinc-nickel/ organic composite coated steel. Other materials include aluminum and aluminum-zinc coated steels for exhaust systems and some structural components, teme (tin-lead) coated steel for fiiel tanks, and tin coated steel [23-25],... 

A number of LC—MS/MS based methods have been developed for their trace analysis in environmental samples. For water analysis, LC—ESI—MS/MS is the technique of choice however, in recent studies, UHPLC separation and APCI ionization has become increasingly popular. Pedrouzo et al. [78] developed a new UHPLC—MS/MS method using solventless stir-bar sorptive extraction to investigate four UV filters, dihydroxy methoxybenzophenone (DHMB), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), octocrylene (OC), and ethylhexyl dimethyl-aminobenzoate (OD-PABA) in surface water and wastewater. Detection limits of 2.5 ng/1 and 10 ng/1, respectively, were achieved. Recently, Wick, Fink, and Temes combined LC—ESI—MS/MS and LC—APCI—MS/MS after SPE extraction for the determination of five UV filters in wastewater and surface water [79]. Quantification limits achieved ranged from 0.5 to 5 ng/I and 2.5 to 50 ng/I in surface water and wastewater, respectively. An innovative method, more simple and rapid, based on the direct analysis of the surface of a polydimethylsiloxane-coated stir bar previously used to extract the UV filters from water was developed by Flaunschmidt et al. [80]. With this direct analysis in real time (DART) —MS method, seven UV filters were... 

Tadanaga K., Morinaga J., Matsuda A., Minami T. Superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic micropat-teming on flowerlike alumina coating film by the sol-gel method. Chem. Mater. 2000 12 590-592... 

Adhesives recommended include epoxies, vinyl alcohol—vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl alkyl ether, polyacrylate (carboxylic), polyurethane (two-part), epoxy-phenolics, silicones, and cyanoacrylates. The high-strength thermoset and alloy adhesives are rarely justified for bonding lead. Even when other properties recommend these adhesives, the designer should check to see whether some low-cost or easier-to-use adhesive is also suitable. An exception is teme (lead-coated steel). This is a much stronger metal than lead, and lap-shear strengths exceeding 2.1 MPa are reported for adhesive joints with teme.° ... 

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