Tasks unnecessary

An important and difficult task is concisely translating your requirements into study objectives. For example, if you need to decide between two methods of storing a hazardous chemical in a plant, the analysis objective should precisely define that what is needed is the relative difference between the methods, not the more general I want to know the risk of these two storage methods. And asking your QRA team for more than is necessary to satisfy your particular need is counterproductive and may create unnecessary liabilities. For any QRA to efficiently produce the necessary types of results, you must clearly communicate your requirements... 

There is no published work on the kinetics of simultaneous redox catalysts, with precisely controlled stoichiometry in the gas. A catalyst that would selectively reduce NO in preference to oxygen is difficult to find and is unnecessary. A mixture of catalysts that is active in oxidation and reduction may be quite adequate to the task. The interaction of different catalytic sites with several gaseous species remains to be unraveled by future investigators. 

Software can be poorly designed data format specifications are perhaps incompatible, intermediate results are inaccessible, all data are lost if an input error is committed, or results and data are not transferable to other programs. The division into tasks (modules, menu positions) might reflect not human but computer logic, and the sequence of entries the user is forced to follow might include unnecessary or redundant steps. 

How do we determine the energy and enthalpy changes for a chemical reaction We could perform calorimetry experiments and analyze the results, but to do this for every chemical reaction would be an insurmountable task. Furthermore, it turns out to be unnecessary. Using the first law of thermodynamics and the idea of a state function, we can calculate enthalpy changes for almost any reaction using experimental values for one set of reactions, the formation reactions. 

The curve in Fig. 2 might represent the relationship between a response Y and a single independent variable X in a hypothetical system, and since we can see the whole curve, we can pick out the highest point or lowest, the maximum or minimum. Use of calculus, however, makes the task of plotting the data or equation unnecessary. If the relationship, that is, the equation for Y as a function of X, is available [Eq. (1)] ... 

Under the new administration, this section of TSCA has come under the scrutiny of Vice President Bush s task force on regulatory relief and the Office of Toxic Substances is placing a high priority on efforts to develop more cost-effective means for achieving industry compliance with OTS policies. In addition to fostering voluntary actions by industry wherever possible in lieu of formal rules, these effects include elimination of unnecessary burdens on industry in complying with mandated TSCA requirements. 

Should an error be encountered during input, the interpreter will not complete its task. However, it does copy all input to a file from which it may be retrieved, edited and resubmitted in batch mode, making it unnecessary to retype all the equations. 

Team members should set a rigorous standard for consistent and proper use of personal protective equipment. They should approach each task with a questioning, skeptical attitude to help prevent additional injuries and minimize unnecessary hazard exposure. 

The evaluation of hazards posed to human health by toxic airborne chemicals is one of the common tasks employed in industrial hygiene. This process requires the collection of air samples to estimate air concentrations of specific substances inhaled by workers which can then be compared with standards and guides of acceptable exposure. Thus air sampling directly influences the formulation of important decisions. If air samples underestimate exposures, the consequence may be death or occupational disease. Conversely, overestimating exposures may result in the institution of unnecessary controls. Since either form of error is undesirable, it is fundamentally important that air sampling accurately define the extent of hazard. This requires that air samples be collected according to scientific, unbiased schemes for estimating exposures to toxic airborne chemicals. 

Software validation is not a simple and easy task therefore an adequate schedule and task plan for software validation and verification are required to avoid unnecessary time and money expenses. One day of planning with no experiments performed is better than one day of experiments without planning. 

Other animals, too, have been found not to be entirely dominated by concrete rewards. Hungry monkeys have been observed to prefer exploration tasks to tasks which obtained food and even in lower animals like rats the power of visceral rewards such as food and sexual activity are modified by factors like variety, which are wholly unnecessary to the physical consumption of those rewards (Fisher 1962 Wilson. Kuehn and Beach 1963 Walker and King 1962). 

It may seem unnecessary to stress that it is important to know the product or the product composition of any electron transfer reaction before it is meaningful to discuss the kinetics and mechanism (see Chapter 2). Nevertheless, this simple rule is often violated. One reason probably is that it is not always a trivial task to isolate and identify the products from an electrochemical reaction using the usual arsenal of methods available to the organic chemist. A major problem is that often it is not an easy task to separate the product from the supporting electrolyte. In such cases, direct analysis of the product mixture without the need of a work-up, e.g. by LC-UV/vis-MS, is desirable. Analysis by this method of the product mixture resulting from the oxidation of 1,2,5-trimethylpyrrole is shown in Fig. 6.27. It is... 

As obvious and unnecessary as this advice may sound, it is not rare to see a note that is too informal for the task. Sample letter 1 is such a letter (see Figure 9.1). It is too short, too folksy, and too familiar, with the therapist referring to both the patient and the doctor on a first-name basis. Also, it refers to another patient in the same letter. If the patient reads it, he or she would probably see it as something written by a friend rather than a therapist. If it were ever brought to court for any reason, it would seriously undermine the credibility of the therapist in the eyes of a judge and jury. 

In practice, many reaction systems involve non-trace intermediates, but no obvious non-simple reactions of intermediates. A good strategy in such situations is to cut the overall reaction network into portions at the non-trace intermediate or intermediates (see Section 6.5), then reduce the portions as described for simple networks in Section 6.4.1. Network reduction makes it unnecessary to keep track of trace intermediates (except those reacting in a non-simple manner) and so obviates much of the hard work Trace intermediates are the more troublesome ones in network elucidation because they are difficult or impossible to detect, identify, analyze for, or synthesize, tasks that usually do not pose problems with intermediates that rise above trace level. Often, the network portions will turn out to be "piecewise simple" (see Section 6.5). If not, further cutting at additional nonsimple steps is called for when these become apparent. 

While it is possible to mould stoppers and cones for interchangeable ground glass joints and for hollow stopcock keys by mouth blowing, this is an exhausting and quite unnecessary task if air from a compressor is available. A simple two-way valve made in the mechanical workshop from brass or aluminium, connected up as shown in Fig. 3.3, and operated by hand or by foot-treadle, wiU do a better job with much less effort. 

Almost all of the files needed to boot Windows 3.1 or 9x are unnecessary for Windows 2000. Windows 2K requires, in fact, only a very few files, each of which performs specific tasks ... 

The use of microprocessor technique contributed considerably to the simplification of operation, monitoring and controlling the measuring instruments. The user requires only a few manipulations for achieving a result. All manual calculations are rendered unnecessary, the result is indicated in the required units on a display or printed out. Also, the microprocessor executes many tasks of monitoring and controlling required for reproducible results. 

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