Vitamin tablets

Vitamin D is often combined in varying amounts with calcium salts. A multiple vitamin is another good source of vitamin D. Most multivitamins contain 400 IU per tablet. Vitamin D is also available as a single entity. Doses above 2000 IU/day should be avoided owing to the risk of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia. Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) and... 

There has, in recent years, been some debate about the need to take vitamin tablets. Vitamin is a compound word derived from vital amines . The vitamins are a range of essential chemicals needed by our body. They were given letters of the alphabet in the order they were discovered and the letters bear no relationship to their structures... 

Calcium Effervescent Tablets Vitamin B Complex + Vitamin C +... 

Precautions Slightly toxic by swallowing gross amounts. In glazes, oil, vitamin tablets, vitamin wafers, and whipped toppings. 

Pantothenic acid/calcium pantothenate in pharmaceutical products and vitamin premixes was also analyzed using low-wavelength ultraviolet (UV) detection (64,66). The vitamin was extracted from tablets or powdered premixes with 0.005 M NaH2P04 buffer (pH 4.5) and separated from other water-soluble vitamins on an aminopropyl-bonded silica column (LiChrosorb NH2) eluted with an acetonitrile-0.005 MNaH2P04 buffer (pH 4.5) (87 13, v/v) and detected at 210 nm. Quantitative recoveries (>95%) and relative standard deviations 0.79% to 2.2% were obtained for multivitamin tablets, vitamin premixes, fortified yeasts, and raw materials. The limit of sensitivity was approximately 1 mg/g sample. The results were compared with those obtained by the standard microbiological procedure. Low levels of calcium pantothenate (<3 mg per tablet) were more precisely analyzed by the HPLC procedure than by the microbiological method. 

Many pharmaceutical compounds contain chromophores that make them suitable for analysis by UV/Vis absorption. Products that have been analyzed in this fashion include antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, and analgesics. One example of the use of UV absorption is in determining the purity of aspirin tablets, for which the active ingredient is acetylsalicylic acid. Salicylic acid, which is produced by the hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid, is an undesirable impurity in aspirin tablets, and should not be present at more than 0.01% w/w. Samples can be screened for unacceptable levels of salicylic acid by monitoring the absorbance at a wavelength of... 

Samples of urine are analyzed for riboflavin before and after taking a vitamin tablet containing riboflavin. Concentrations are determined using external standards or by the method of standard additions, fluorescence is monitored at 525 nm using an excitation wavelength of 280 nm. 

The technique of hydrodynamic modulation voltammetry (HMV), in which the rate of stirring is pulsed between high and low values, is demonstrated in this experiment. The application of HMV for the quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets using the method of standard additions also is outlined. 

Procedure. A vitamin B complex tablet Is crushed and placed In a beaker with 20.00 mL of a 50% v/v methanol solution that Is 20 mM In sodium tetraborate and contains 100.0 ppm of o-ethoxybenzamIde. After mixing for 2 min to ensure that the B vitamins are dissolved, a 5.00-mL portion Is passed through a 0.45- xm filter to remove Insoluble binders. An approximately 4-nL sample Is loaded Into a 50- xm Internal diameter capillary column. For CZE the capillary column contains a 20 mM pH 9 sodium tetraborate/sodlum dIhydrogen phosphate buffer. For MEKC the buffer Is also 150 mM In sodium dodecylsulfate. A 40-kV/m electric field Is used to effect both the CZE and MEKC separations. 

A quantitative analysis for vitamin Bi was carried out using this procedure. When a solution of 100.0 ppm Bi and 100.0 ppm o-ethoxybenzamide was analyzed, the peak area for vitamin Bi was 71 % of that for the internal standard. The analysis of a 0.125-g vitamin B complex tablet gave a peak area for vitamin Bi that was 1.82 times as great as that for the internal standard. How many milligrams of vitamin Bi are in the tablet ... 

The vitamin B12 content of a multivitamin tablet is determined by dissolving ten tablets in water. The dissolved tablets are transferred to a 100-mL volumetric flask and diluted to volume. A 50.00-mL portion is removed and treated with 0.500 mg of radioactive vitamin B12 having an activity of 572 cpm. After homogenization, the vitamin B12 in the sample is isolated and purified, producing 18.6 mg with an activity of 361 cpm. Calculate the average concentration of vitamin B12 in the tablet (in milligrams per tablet). 

Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals. The main use of hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) is in cosmetics (qv) and pharmaceuticals (qv), where it and octadecanol (stearyl alcohol) are used extensively as emoUient additives and as bases for creams, Hpsticks, ointments, and suppositories. Octadecenol (oleyl alcohol) is also widely used (47), as are the nonlinear alcohols. The compatibiHty of heavy cut alcohols and other cosmetic materials or active dmg agents, their mildness, skin feel, and low toxicity have made them the preferred materials for these appHcations. Higher alcohols and their derivatives are used in conditioning shampoos, in other personal care products, and in ingested materials such as vitamins (qv) and sustained release tablets (see Controlled RELEASE technology). 

L-Ascorbic acid is used as a micronutrient additive in pharmaceutical, food, feed, and beverage products, as weU as in cosmetic appHcations. The over-the-counter (OTC) vitamin market is strong, growing in demand, and vitamin C is available in the form of piUs and tablets to supplement the daily diet to maintain peak physical performance. 

Polarography is appHed in the presence of other vitamins, eg, in multivitamin tablets, without separation. The polarography of flavins is reviewed in Reference 71. 

The standard chemical and biological methods of analysis are those accepted by the JnitedStates Pharmacopeia XXIII as well as the ones accepted by the AO AC in 1995 (81—84). The USP method involves saponification of the sample (dry concentrate, premix, powder, capsule, tablet, or aqueous suspension) with aqueous alcohoHc KOH solvent extraction solvent removal chromatographic separation of vitamin D from extraneous ingredients and colormetric deterrnination with antimony trichloride and comparison with a solution of USP cholecalciferol reference standard. 

As described ia the USP, phytoaadioae is a mixture of the cis- and trans-isomers of vitamin IQ. This mixture should not contain mote than 103% and not less than 97.0% of total vitamin K content. The amount of the cis-isomer is also specified and is not to exceed 21%. In addition to the pure substance, the USP also describes methods for the analysis of parental as well as tableted forms of the vitamin (21). 

The most widely available yeast biomass is a by-product of the brewing industry, where the multiplication of yeast during brewing results in a surplus of ceUs. Eor every barrel (117 L) of beer brewed, 0.2—0.3 kg of yeast soHds may be recovered. In the U.S., a substantial fraction is recovered and made available about 40 x 10 kg of brewers yeast aimually. The yeast is recovered from beer by centrifuging and dried on roUer dmms or spray dryers and sold as animal feed or a pet-food supplement. It can be debittered by alkaline extraction to remove the bitter hop residues, and is then sold mainly by the health-food industry. It is available as tablets, powder, or flakes and is often fortified with additional vitamins. Distillers yeast caimot be readily separated from the fermented mash and the mixture is sold as an animal feed supplement. 

L.18 A tablet of vitamin C was analyzed to determine whether it did in fact contain, as the manufacturer claimed, 1.0 g of the vitamin. One tablet was dissolved in water to form 100.00 mL of solution, and 10.0-mL of that solution was titrated with iodine (as potassium triiodide). It required 10.1 mL of 0.0521 M I3-(aq) to reach the stoichiometric point in the titration. Given that 1 mol L,- reacts with 1 mol vitamin C in the reaction, is the manufacturer s claim correct The molar mass of vitamin C is 176 g-mol-1. 

C04-0144. Vitamin C (also called ascorbic acid) is an acid whose formula is HCg H7 Og. When treated with strong base, it undergoes the following reaction HCg H7 0(5 + OH H7 Og + H2 O A pharmacist suspects that the vitamin C tablets received in a recent shipment are not pure. When a single 500.0-mg tablet is dissolved in 200.0 mL of water and titrated with a standard base that is 0.1045 M, it takes 24.45 mL to reach the stoichiometric point. Are the tablets pure If not, what is the mass percentage of impurities (Assume no impurity is either an acid or a base.)... 

Bakery products, sauces, confectionery, pickles, fish, vitamin tablets, snack foods... 

To evalnate whether some foods contain true vitamin B,2 or inactive vitamin B,2 analogs, some vitamin B[2 compoimds were purified and characterized using silica gel 60 TLC [11-15]. An algal health food, spirulina tablets, contained considerable amounts of a vitamin Bjj analog (pseudovitamin Bjj) inactive for humans (Figure 10.6) [11]. 

Colesevelam 625 mg tablets 3750-4375 mg/day as a single dose or divided twice daily, with meals colesevelam. Increasing fluid and dietary fiber intake may relieve constipation and bloating. Impair absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. 

Fat-soluble vitamin supplementation is usually required in pancreatic insufficiency. Specially-formulated products for CF patients (ADEKs and Vitamax ) are usually sufficient to attain normal serum vitamin levels at a dose of 1 tablet daily for younger children and 2 tablets daily for teenagers and adults. Additional supplementation may be needed in uncontrolled malabsorption or for replacement of severe vitamin deficiency.5,15 Appetite stimulants such as cyproheptadine may be an option for promoting nutrition and weight gain, but efficacy has not been established. 

Product (% Elemental Calcium) Elemental Calcium per Tablet (mg) Vitamin D per Tablet (IU)... 

Atenolol 100 mg by mouth daily, multiple vitamin 1 tablet by mouth daily... 

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