Systems and Components

Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System Annual Reports of Cumulative System and Component Reliability for Period from July 1, 1974, through December 31, 1982, NPRD A02/A03 (INPO 83-034), Institute of Nuclear Power Operations, Atlanta, GA, October 1983. 

Forsberg, C. W., D. L. Moses, E. B. Lewis, R. Gibson, R. Pearson, W. J. Reich, G. A. Murphy, R. H. Staunton, and W. E. Kohn (1989). Proposed and Existing Passive and Inherent Safety-Related Structures, Systems, and Components (Building Blocks) for Advanced Light Water Reactors. Oak Ridge, TN Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 

We previously encountered failure modes and effects (FMEA) and failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) as qualitative methods for accident analysis. These tabular methods for reliability analysis may be made quantitative by associating failure rates with the parts in a systems model to estimate the system reliability. FMEA/FMECA may be applied in design or operational phases (ANSI/IEEE Std 352-1975, MIL-STD-1543 and MIL-STD-1629A). Typical headings in the F.Mld. A identify the system and component under analysis, failure modes, the ef fect i>f failure, an estimale of how critical apart is, the estimated probability of the failure, mitigaturs and IHissihiy die support systems. The style and contents of a FMEA are flexible and depend upon the. ilitcLiives of the analyst. 

Two IBM-PC interactive codes calculate importances and risk and allow the operator to investigate the effects of system and component failures on the risk and importance. The BNL code NSPKTR models the Indian Point Plants 2 and 3 using information in their PSAs. NSPKTR uses... 

The NPRDS collects failure data on safety-related systems and components. At present, more than 60 plants are reporting data. The data are compiled and disseminated in periodic report,s to the participants of the program and other potential users. In addition, special searches of tl may be requested by the... 

The Seismic Safety Margins Research Program developed a computer code called SMACS (Seismic Methodology Analysis Chain with Statistics) for calculating the seismic responses of structures, systems, and components. This code links the seismic input as ensembles of acceleration time histories with the calculations of the soil-structure interactions, the responses of major structures, and the responses of subsystems. Since uses a multi-support approach to perform the time-history response calculations for piping subsystems, the correlations between component responses can be handled explicitly. SMACS is an example of the codes that are available for calculating seismic response for PSA purposes. 

Depending on the control system and components selected, the process variable from the sensors and signals to the actuator control unit is connected either directly or through transducers. Normally, the input and output are adjusted from pneumatic sensors and control units. The signals produced then are transformed into standard electronic values before connecting to the controller s input and output modules,... 

Reliability Data Collection and Use in Risk and Availability Assessment Varied 72 papers, several of which contain some data Wide variety of systems and components 48. 

Gasification Process-Development Unit from fault trees Unavailability data systems and components ... 

This book features the Proceedings of the 5th EuReDatA conference held in Heidelberg, Germany, April 9-11, 1986. It contains 72 papers, several of which contain some data on a wide variety of systems and components. The papers are categorized as follows 1) Overviews, 2) Reliability Data Banks, 3)... 

Centralized Reliability Data Organization Input Guide Nuclear 1800 Component failure events causing abnormal operation engineering data for 20,000 components found in liquid metal reactors (e.g., LMRs). Gives generic data lor 45 equipment items (valves, pumps, etc.) Liquid metal reactor sites and test facility systems and components 62. 

Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System Nuclear Engineering data from all U.S. NPP (currently 91 plants) failure data describing 44,000 events Voluntary reporting of engineering information and failures for selected systems and components as defined in a reportable scope manual 64. 

SAIC Data Base Nudear Plant maintenance and repair records by system and component type selected basic event failure rates and unavailability Data mainly for pumps, valves, diesels, batteries, chargers, and heat exchangers 76. 

DATA BOUNDARY Voluntary reporting of engineering information and failures for selected systems and components as defined in a reportable scope manual... 

The NPRDS is an industry-wide system for monitoring the performance of selected systems and components at U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. Information in NPRDS is derived from a standardized format input report prepared by U.S. nuclear plant licensees. The plants are as)ced to submit failure reports on catastrophic events and degraded failures within the defined reportable scope reporting of incipient events is optional. Command faults are not reportable unless they malce an entire system unavailable. In addition, the plants are as)ced to file component engineering reports on all components within the selected systems and reportable scope. These reports contain detailed design data, operating characteristics, and performance data on the selected systems and components (over 3000 components, from approximately 30 systems, per unit). The selected systems are primarily safety systems. 

An Aging Failure Survey of LWR Safely Systems and Components Nuclear 4 Tables of component failures per years of service Light Water Reactor Safety System Components 93. 

An Aging Failure Survey of LWR Safety Systems and Components... 

This chapter introduces the basic items of design and specification for the principal systems and components of an electrical industrial installation. Electrical supply systems are discussed with regard to interface with the supply authorities and the characteristics. Salient features of switchgear, transformers, protection systems, power factor correction, motor control equipment and standby supplies are identified and discussed together with reference to the relevant codes of practice and standards. The equipment and systems described are appropriate to industrial plant installations operating at typically 11 kV with supply capacities of around 20MVA. 

Anon, Timing Systems and Components", AMCP 706-205, Engineering Design Handbook", US Army Materiel Command, 5001 Eisenhower Ave, Alexandria, Va 22333 (Dec 1975)... 

Anon, EngrgDesHndbk, Timing Systems and Components , AMCP 706-205 (Dec 1975), AD A020 020 159) Anon, Joint Munitions... 

R. Mukhopadhyay, RecycUng of automotive systems and components and development of non-oil-based material for mbber industry. Annals of the Indian Academy of Engineering, III, 107-111, December 2006. 

In terms of the equipment, protective systems, and components used, this classification must be considered equivalent to... 

Ignition sources at devices, protective systems, and components must be avoided, depending on zones (Table 23-7) i.e., the zone determines the minimum extent of preventive measures against danger of ignition. 

Facility electrical systems and components provide a convenient source of ignition within a hydrocarbon or ordinary occupancies whenever the design, installation or maintenance is substandard. Electrical systems or components may short, overheat, operate incorrectly, etc. These failures will present themselves as available ignition sources for hydrocarbon vapor releases. All electrical installation should be according to recognized electrical industry standards such as API RP 540 and the NEC (NFPA 70). 

Enke, C.G. (1971), Data Domains-An Analysis of Digital and Analog Instrumentation Systems and Components, Anal. Chem., 43, 69. 

The vendor shall forward the original proposal and the specified number of copies to the addressee specified in the inquiry documents. As a minimum, the proposal shall include the data specified in 9.2.2 through 9.2.5, as well as a specific statement that the system and all its components are in strict accordance with this International Standard. If the system and components are not in strict accordance, the vendor shall include a list that details and explains each deviation. The vendor shall provide details to enable the purchaser to evaluate any proposed alternative designs. All correspondence shall be clearly identified in accordance with 9.1.2... 

The manufacturing direction is provided with literature indicating the operating status of structures, systems, and components to prevent inadvertent operation and mrx-up. 

Hndbk, Elements of Armament Engineering, Part Three, Weapon Systems and Components , AMCP 706-108 (1963), 11-3 4) S. Fordham,... 

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