System holistic

Validation of instrument hardware includes testing according to documented specifications. If HPLC instruments consist of several modules, individual modules (modular validation), as well as the entire system (holistic validation), should be validated. However, the latter is preferred, as individual module tests should be performed as part of the diagnosis if the system fails. 

Design Systems Holistically and Using Life Cycle Thinking... 

Design systems holistically and using Hfe cycle thinking. 

The accident statistics analyses and participatory ergonomics observation results served as background microergonomics information for the future scenarios workshop that was arranged for relevant stakeholders. They worked together in order to obtain a systemic, holistic picture in order to understand and improve the complex work system in question. 

Problem solving. Commented themes were analytical skills, logical thought process, trouble-shooting, critical thinking, questioning of assumptions and systems/holistic approaches. 

The holistic thermodynamic approach based on material (charge, concentration and electron) balances is a firm and valuable tool for a choice of the best a priori conditions of chemical analyses performed in electrolytic systems. Such an approach has been already presented in a series of papers issued in recent years, see [1-4] and references cited therein. In this communication, the approach will be exemplified with electrolytic systems, with special emphasis put on the complex systems where all particular types (acid-base, redox, complexation and precipitation) of chemical equilibria occur in parallel and/or sequentially. All attainable physicochemical knowledge can be involved in calculations and none simplifying assumptions are needed. All analytical prescriptions can be followed. The approach enables all possible (from thermodynamic viewpoint) reactions to be included and all effects resulting from activation barrier(s) and incomplete set of equilibrium data presumed can be tested. The problems involved are presented on some examples of analytical systems considered lately, concerning potentiometric titrations in complex titrand + titrant systems. All calculations were done with use of iterative computer programs MATLAB and DELPHI. 

How do you then design an effective system There are several techniques you can use. Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), and Theory of Constraints (TOC) are but three. The FMEA is a bottom-up approach, the FTA a top-down approach, and TOC a holistic approach. 

Any effort to integrate the findings of partial global environmental system studies into a comprehensive holistic view requires ... 

Integrationism, on the other hand, unites those who pride themselves for their holistic view of the complete system, without necessarily being burdened by a detailed understanding of structure and function of the minute components that make it work. The up-in-the-air perspective. 

Rice bran is a storehouse of unique bioactive compounds. The human body is a remarkable self-regenerating system. Hippocrates, the father of medicine, wrote that Disease does not occur unexpectedly. It is the result of constant violation of nature s laws. Accumulation of such violations results in diseases . The possible involvement of all the bioactives of rice bran indicates a holistic approach to helping the body to regenerate to a normal state from a disease state. Holistic or alternative medicine does not treat or cure a disease but fights symptoms, makes the body handle the challenges... 

A Holistic Approach to Phytofiltration of Heavy Metals Recent Advances in Rhizofiltration, Constructed Wetlands, Lagoons, and Bioadsorbent-Based Systems... 

This chapter is aimed at presenting an overview of the state of the art in phytofiltration of heavy metals using any of the three different treatment systems. It has been considered useful to discuss the three alternatives in one single document, since usually, information for each of the systems is reviewed separately, missing the advantages of a holistic discussion. 

On the other hand, you rightly emphasised the problems that arise when dealing with patients whose value systems or cultural backgrounds are different. In Africa, one is frequently confronted by patients whose faith in sangomas, or witch doctors, is profound and whose language presents a barrier that requires the intervention of an interpreter and hence the loss of the interpersonal relationship that the holistic approach requires. Under these circumstances, reductionism is often the easiest answer to providing a good deal by Western standards. 

Steven Rose I m not sure that I actually quite understand your question, Bob. What I was describing was systems which when you tried to reduce them you lost the sense of the system - you couldn t actually do it. Now that s an irreducible aspect of a particular form of living system, and it s one that you and I agree on. I don t care whether it s called holistic research or not, it s an example of finding the right level and finding the right type of description for the phenomenon that you want to study, and that seems to... 

Podlogar, B. L., Muegge, I., Holistic in silico methods to estimate the systemic and CNS bioavailabilities of potential chemotherapeutic agents, Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2001, 3, 257-275. 

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