Acetone-chloroform

SAN resins show considerable resistance to solvents and are insoluble in carbon tetrachloride, ethyl alcohol, gasoline, and hydrocarbon solvents. They are swelled by solvents such as ben2ene, ether, and toluene. Polar solvents such as acetone, chloroform, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, and pyridine will dissolve SAN (14). The interactions of various solvents and SAN copolymers containing up to 52% acrylonitrile have been studied along with their thermodynamic parameters, ie, the second virial coefficient, free-energy parameter, expansion factor, and intrinsic viscosity (15). 

Megestrol acetate can be recrystakhed from aqueous methanol (108). It is soluble in acetone, chloroform, and ethanol slightly soluble in ether and fixed oils and insoluble in water (107). Additional spectral and physical data have been pubHshed (62). 

Norethindrone may be recrystakhed from ethyl acetate (111). It is soluble in acetone, chloroform, dioxane, ethanol, and pyridine slightly soluble in ether, and insoluble in water (112,113). Its crystal stmcture has been reported (114), and extensive analytical and spectral data have been compiled (115). Norethindrone acetate can be recrystakhed from methylene chloride/hexane (111). It is soluble in acetone, chloroform, dioxane, ethanol, and ether, and insoluble in water (112). Data for identification have been reported (113). The preparation of norethindrone (28) has been described (see Fig. 5). Norethindrone acetate (80) is prepared by the acylation of norethindrone. Norethindrone esters have been described ie, norethindrone, an appropriate acid, and trifiuoroacetic anhydride have been shown to provide a wide variety of norethindrone esters including the acetate (80) and enanthate (81) (116). 

Tris(2,4-pentanedionato)iron(III) [14024-18-1], Fe(C H202)3 or Fe(acac)3, forms mby red rhombic crystals that melt at 184°C. This high spin complex is obtained by reaction of iron(III) hydroxide and excess ligand. It is only slightly soluble in water, but is soluble in alcohol, acetone, chloroform, or benzene. The stmcture has a near-octahedral arrangement of the six oxygen atoms. Related complexes can be formed with other P-diketones by either direct synthesis or exchange of the diketone into Fe(acac)3. The complex is used as a catalyst in oxidation and polymerization reactions. 

A (4-Hydroxyphenyl)glycine. This derivative (23) forms aggregate spheres or shiny leaflets from water. It turns brown at 200°C, begins to melt at 220°C, and melts completely with decomposition at 245 —247°C. The compound is soluble in alkaU and mineral acid and sparingly soluble in water, glacial acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, and benzene. 

In the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide at about 50°C, chloroform condenses with acetone to give l,l,l-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol, [57-15-8] ie, chlorobutanol, chloretone, or acetone—chloroform (9,10). Chlorobutanol is a white crystalline substance with a campborlike odor its sedative, anesthetic, and antiseptic properties have given the compound some importance in the pharmaceutical industry. 

Schematic DRD shown in Fig. 13-59 are particularly useful in determining the imphcations of possibly unknown ternary saddle azeotropes by postulating position 7 at interior positions in the temperature profile. It should also be noted that some combinations of binary azeotropes require the existence of a ternaiy saddle azeotrope. As an example, consider the system acetone (56.4°C), chloroform (61.2°C), and methanol (64.7°C). Methanol forms minimum-boiling azeotropes with both acetone (54.6°C) and chloroform (53.5°C), and acetone-chloroform forms a maximum-boiling azeotrope (64.5°C). Experimentally there are no data for maximum or minimum-boiling ternaiy azeotropes. The temperature profile for this system is 461325, which from Table 13-16 is consistent with DRD 040 and DRD 042. However, Table 13-16 also indicates that the pure component and binary azeotrope data are consistent with three temperature profiles involving a ternaiy saddle azeotrope, namely 4671325, 4617325, and 4613725. All three of these temperature profiles correspond to DRD 107. Experimental residue cui ve trajectories for the acetone-...

FIG. 13-60 Residue curves for acetone-chloroform-methanol system suggesting a ternary saddle azeotrope. 

FIG. 13-63 (Continued) Batch distillation paths, (h) Methanol-acetone-chloroform system. 

Although less common, azeotropic mixtures are known which have higher boiling points than their components. These include water with most of the mineral acids (hydrofluoric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, perchloric, nitric and sulfuric) and formic acid. Other examples are acetic acid-pyridine, acetone-chloroform, aniline-phenol, and chloroform-methyl acetate. 

Acrylamide [79-06-1 ] M 71.1, m 84°, b 125°/25mm. Crystd from acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol or benzene/chloroform mixture, then vac dried and kept in the dark under vac. Recryst from CHCI3 (200g dissolved in IL heated to boiling and filtered without suction in a warmed funnel through Whatman 541 filter paper. Allowed to cool to room temp and kept at -15° overnight). Crystals were collected with suction in a cooled funnel and washed with 3(X)mL of cold MeOH. Crystals were air-dried in a warm oven. [Dawson et al. Data for Biochemical Research, Oxford Press 1986 p. 449.]... 

The principal PIC for penta and penta-treated wood would include volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), dioxins and furans, as well as SOj, COj, NO, and HCl. Penta would be expected to have undergone a very high destruction efficiency (DRE) during the fire (> 99.99%). Among the VOC emissions, the following chemicals likely contributed to air pollution problems benzene, bromobenzene, chloromethane, 1,3-butadiene, iodomethane, acetone, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane. 

Solvents other than THF can also be employed. These include toluene, dimethylformamide (DMF) (pSty is insoluble), acetone, chloroform, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The specific recommendations of the column manufacturer must be followed closely with regard to changeover from one solvent to another. 

The importance of the solvent, in many cases an excess of the quatemizing reagent, in the formation of heterocyclic salts was recognized early. The function of dielectric constants and other more detailed influences on quatemization are dealt with in Section VI, but a consideration of the subject from a preparative standpoint is presented here. Methanol and ethanol are used frequently as solvents, and acetone,chloroform, acetonitrile, nitrobenzene, and dimethyl-formamide have been used successfully. The last two solvents were among those considered by Coleman and Fuoss in their search for a suitable solvent for kinetic experiments both solvents gave rise to side reactions when used for the reaction of pyridine with i-butyl bromide. Their observation with nitrobenzene is unexpected, and no other workers have reported difficulties. However, tetramethylene sulfone, 2,4-dimethylsulfolane, ethylene and propylene carbonates, and salicylaldehyde were satisfactory, giving relatively rapid reactions and clean products. Ethylene dichloride, used quite frequently for Friedel-Crafts reactions, would be expected to be a useful solvent but has only recently been used for quatemization reactions. ... 

Experimental procedures A The substance is dissolved or suspended in ether and treated with ethereal diazomethane. B The substance is dissolved in methanol (or ethanol, acetone, chloroform) and reacted with ethereal diazomethane. C A solution or suspension of the substance in ether is mixed with ethereal diazomethane,... 

The 1-phenyl-2-nitropropanol thus obtained is a colorless oil, specific gravity 1.14 at 20°C, odorless when pure, volatile with steam and boiling at 150° to 165°C under a pressure of 5 mm of mercury. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene and glacial acetic acid. The yield of 1-phenyl-2-nltropropanol obtained by this procedure is 17.1 to 17.7 kg. 

Many engineering thermoplastics (e.g., polysulfone, polycarbonate, etc.) have limited utility in applications that require exposure to chemical environments. Environmental stress cracking [13] occurs when a stressed polymer is exposed to solvents. Poly(aryl ether phenylquin-oxalines) [27] and poly(aryl ether benzoxazoles) [60] show poor resistance to environmental stress cracking in the presence of acetone, chloroform, etc. This is expected because these structures are amorphous, and there is no crystallinity or liquid crystalline type structure to give solvent resistance. Thus, these materials may have limited utility in processes or applications that require multiple solvent coatings or exposures, whereas acetylene terminated polyaryl ethers [13] exhibit excellent processability, high adhesive properties, and good resistance to hydraulic fluid. 

Timberlake and Bridle (1971) and later Wrolstad and Durst (1998) compared the acetone-chloroform method of extraction to acidified methanol and, depending on the material used, the anthocyanin recoveries were comparable or up to 30% higher with the use of acetone. This procedure proved efficient for a wide range of anthocyanin-rich plants to achieve high recoveries with minimal degradation. - ... 

The organic solvent used to elute the compound must be adequately strong (polar for the adsorbent silica gel) and a good solvent for the component. Absolute methanol should be avoided as a siugle solvent because silica gel itself and some of its common impurities (Fe, Na, SO4) are soluble iu this solvent and will contaminate the isolated material. Solvent containing less than 30% methanol is recommended, or ethanol, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane, or the mobile phase originally used for PLC are other frequently nsed choices for solnte recovery. Water is not recommended because it is so difficult to remove by evaporation during the concentration step (removal by lyophilization is necessary). A formula that has been used to calculate the volume of solvent needed when the PLC mobile phase is chosen for elution is ... 

Solubility - The oxidized polymer (VIII) has a greater solubility than the original polymer (VII). It was found to be soluble in acetone, chloroform, benzene, DMF and DMSO. Unlike the polymer (VII), (VIII) was not soluble in formic acid or trifluoroacetic acid that was expected since the pyrrole moiety is less basic than pyrrolidine. In the oxidized polymer, the pair of unshared electrons on the nitrogen atom are contributing to the pyrrole ring aromaticity, therefore, unavailable for protonation as in the case of polymer (VII). A comparison of the solubilities is given in Table I. 

Reinders, W. and De Minjer, C. H. (1947) Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas 66, 573. Vapour-liquid equilibria in ternary systems VI. The system water-acetone-chloroform. 

BOD COD AOX VOCs [terpenes, alcohols, phenols, methanol, acetone, chloroform, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)] VOCs (terpenes, alcohols, phenols, methanol, acetone, chloroform, Air... 

VOCs (terpenes, alcohols, phenols, methanol, acetone, chloroform, MEK) Air... 

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