System engineering Europe

The general scheme of an AMS beam line installed in a tandem accelerator has already been represented in Figure 16.1. As an example of one of these systems, Figure 16.3 shows the layout of the AMS facility at the LABEC laboratory in Florence,[28] where a 3 MV tandem accelerator by High Voltage Engineering Europe (HVEE) is installed. 

The developments in instrumentation include production of dedicated machines. For example, with the introduction of the Attomole 2000 , HVEE (High Voltage Engineering Europe B. V., P.O. Box 99,3800 AB Amersfoort, The Netherlands, Phone +31 33 4619741 Fax +31 33 4615291) has made available a compact C Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer ( C IRMS) for biomedical applications. The system provides C/ C ratios down to 10 from sub-milligram samples in typically a few minutes. Both solid samples (carbon) as well as CO, can be analyzed. The Attomole 2000 combines a compact instruments package with the extreme sensitivity of large tandem accelerators that are normally found in big research centres. 

Stevens, R., Brook, P., Jackson, K., and Arnold, S. (1998). Systems Engineering Coping with Complexity, Prentice Hall Europe. 

Sulfuric add processes are offered by the following engineering companies Biprokwas, Chemetics, Haldor Topsoe, Hitachi Zosen, Hugo Petersen, Krebs, Lurgi, MHI, Monsanto Enviro Chem Systems, Monsanto Europe S.A., Nissan Engineering, Poseidon, Siry Chamon, Stratco, Tim J. Browder and others. 

J p, d orbcastel e r and verreth j a j (2010) New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe A perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquacultural Engineering, 43,83-93. 

Acknowledgements. The HRA project is a cooperation of the Control Systems group at Loughborough University, the Systems Engineering and Innovation Centre (SEIC), and the actuator supplier SMAC Europe limited. The project is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) of the UK under reference EP/D078350/1. 

The classification of motor oils has not been completed in the ISO standard because the technical differences between motors in different parts of the world, particularly Europe and the United States, make the implementation of a single system of classification and specifications very difficult. In practice, different systems coming from national or international organizations are used. The best known is the SAE viscosity classification from the Society of Automotive Engineers, developed in the United States. 

Sodium benzoate is also finding increasing appHcation as a corrosion inhibitor. It is incorporated into paper wrapping materials for the prevention of mst or corrosion in the production of such diverse items as razor blades, engine parts, bearings, etc. It is also used in the automotive industry as a corrosion inhibitor in engine cooling systems (at 1.5%), mainly in Europe and Japan. Unlike in its appHcation as a preservative where free benzoic acid is required to provide antimicrobial action, it appears to be the benzoate ion that provides the corrosion protection. 

The early 1970 s saw the development of many new coal-based, synthetic-fuel, fluidized-bed processes which operated at high pressures. The scientists and engineers charged with designing these processes realized that there was a severe lack of information on how pressure (and also temperature) affected the operation of fluidized beds. Therefore, several studies to determine the effect of pressure on the operation of fluidized beds were commissioned. During the same period, other researchers in Japan, Europe, and the U.S. were also starting to conduct research to determine the effects that temperature and pressure have on fluidized systems. 

This shift requires considerable education and training of the workforce and, in combination with possible mass production by 2020, necessitates early political action because of the required gradual build-up of manufacturing capacity and skilled labour. Further research work is necessary to analyse today s weak and strong aspects of the education system in European countries and to develop an action plan for adaptation to the new requirements. This analysis should take into account the demographics of the European nations, which is an important factor. Will Europe be able to find the necessary skilled labour such as engineers and technicians or will they import skilled labour from countries like China and India ... 

The ammonia SCR for heavy-duty diesel engines has been commercialized by Daimler since 2005 in Europe and the USA under the trade name Bluetec as an after-treatment system able to satisfy the Euro IV and Euro V emission standards. 

The Biopur system requires little maintenance and has proven to be a cost-effective treatment alternative in Europe. The system is patented in the United States and in Europe, and is marketed in North America by Maple Engineering Services, Inc., Canada. 

Metallic corrosion is a major engineering and economic problem. In North America and Europe, the cost of corrosion is on the order of 3-4% of gross domestic product (GDP). Not surprisingly, there is an abundance of good books on this topic.1 15 This chapter focuses mainly on corrosion of metals in aqueous systems, as this is the most commonly encountered problem and is a natural corollary of the material of the two preceding chapters. 

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