Recirculating aquaculture systems

Boley, A., Muller, W.R. and Haider, G. (2000) Biodegradable polymers as solid substrate and biofilm carrier for denitrification in recirculated aquaculture systems. Acquacultural Engineering, 22, 75-86. 

The selection of a suitable site for a hatchery is crucial to the cost of establishing and running the hatchery, and thus to the hatchery s economic efficiency. The better and more suitable the raw water quaUty is, the less water treatment is necessary, leading to a reduction in investment and running costs. Theoretically, hatcheries may also be established where the raw water sources are less than optimal, but these will require more water treatment, resulting in higher production costs. For sub-optimal sites, recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) are an alternative because the amount of raw water that has to be treated will be reduced. 

GOOD c, DAVIDSON J et al. (2010) The effects of carbon dioxide on performance and histopathology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in water recirculation aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 42(2) 51-56. 

FAULK c K and holt g j (2005) Advances in rearing cobia Rachycentron canadum larvae in recirculating aquaculture systems Live prey enrichment and greenwater culture. Aquaculture, 249, 231-243. 

EBELING J M (2000) Engineering aspects of recirculating aquaculture systems. Marme Technology Society Journal, 34, 68-78. 

GULLIAN M, ESPINOSA-FALLER F J, NUNEZ A and LOPEZ-BARAHONA N (2012) Effect of turbidity on the ultraviolet disinfection performance in recirculating aquaculture systems with low water exchange. Aquaculture Research, 43, 595-606. 

J p, d orbcastel e r and verreth j a j (2010) New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe A perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquacultural Engineering, 43,83-93. 

Ecology is an inter-disciplinary branch of biology that provides study of relationships between organisms and their environment. Perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of this comes in the area of water reuse or recirculating aquaculture systems. These systems have become attractive because of their minimal discharge of waste material and use the same water many times over, adding more only periodically. They are often used when water must be heated or cooled. In these, the waste products from the animals... 

Mamane H, Colorni A, Bar I, Ori I, Mozes N (2010) The use of an open channel, low pressure UV reactor for water treatment in low head recirculating aquaculture systems (LH-RAS). Aquae Eng 42(3) 103-111... 

Muir, J.F., Recirculated Water Systems in Aquaculture. Recent Advances in Aquaculture, London, 1982. 

Diaz V, Ibanez R, Gomez P, Urtiaga AM, Ortiz I (2011) Kinetics of electro-oxidation of ammonia-N, nitrites and COD from a recirculating aquaculture saline water system using BDD anodes. Wat Res 45 125-134... 

Recirculating systems can make aquaculture feasible in locations where conditions would otherwise not be conducive to successful operations. Such systems can also be used to reduce transportation costs by making it possible to grow animals near markets. In areas where there are concerns about pollution or the use of exotic species, closed systems provide an alternative approach to more extensive types of operations. 

BENTLEY c D, CARROLL p M and WATANABE w o (2008) Intensive rotifer production in a pilot-scale continuous culture recirculating system using nonviable microalgae and an ammonia nentralizer. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 39 625-635. 

SUANTIKA G, DHERT p, NUEHUDAH M and SORGELOOS p (2000) High-deusity production of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in a recirculation system consideration of water quality, zootechnical and nutritional aspects. Aquacultural Engineering 21 201-214. 

SUANTIKA G, DHERT P, ROMBAUT G, VANDENBERGHE J, DE WOLF T and SORGELOOS P (2001) The use of ozone in a high density recirculation system for rotifers. Aquaculture 201 35-49. 

SUANTIKA G, DHERT p, swEETMAN E, OBRIEN E and SORGELOOS p (2003) Technical and economical feasibility of a rotifer recirculation system. Aquaculture 227 173-189. 

RIBIERO A R A, RIBIERO L, S.ELE 0, HAMRE K, DINIS M T and MOREN M (2009) lodiue-enriched rotifers and Artemia prevent goitre in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalen-sis) larvae reared in a recirculation system. Aquaculture Nutrition, 17,248-257. 

LUIS o I and calado r (2009) Captive breeding of the Eastern Atlantic spiny lobster Panulirus regus in a recirculation system a candidate for aquaculture in temperature zones . World Aquae, 40,22-2A. 

Sharrer, M. and Summerfelt, S. (2007). Ozonation Eollowed by Ultraviolet Irradiation Provides Effective Bacteria Inactivation in a Freshwater Recirculating System, Aquacultural Eng., 37, pp. 180-191. 

MADSEN H c K, BUCHMANN K and MELLERGAARD s (2000), Treatment of trichodiniasis in eel Anguilla anguilla) reared in recirculation systems in Denmark alternatives to formaldehyde. Aquaculture, 186, 221-231. 

---