Synthetic Methodology Assessment

Synthetic Methodology Assessment for Reduction Techniques (SMART)... 

Synthetic Methodology Assessment for Reduction Techniques (SMART) A program adapted from the EPAs SMART review process and designed to quantify and categorize hazardous materials used in a manufacturing process. Green Synthetic Reactions Provides a searchable database of synthetic processes and identifies alternative processes published to replace more hazardous materials with less hazardous ones. 

Synthetic Methodology Assessment for Reduction Techniques (SMART) is a non-regnlatory program of the EPA for achieving pollution prevention in the prodnction of new chemicals. It includes a review process for the environmental assessment and hazard classification for new chemicals. 

The "Synthetic methodology assessment for reduction techniques" (SMART) module quantifies and categorizes the hazardous substances used in or generated by a chemical reaction. 

Evidently, given the number and variety of heterocycles that are described by the title of this chapter, an exhaustive treatment of each system individually is not practicable here. Therefore we present a comparative assessment of the various ring systems, with particular attention being paid to the trends and differences (where they are known) in properties, structure and reactivity, as well as in synthetic methodology. The coverage is necessarily biased toward those systems which have... 

With the advent of HPLC, a new tool was born that revolutionized peptide/protein chemistry as a whole as it allowed not only purification of biologically active peptides and proteins from complex mixtures of tissue or plant extracts/231 but also allowed purification of synthetic unprotected peptide mixtures analytically and preparatively.124-261 This was particularly significant in that purity could be assessed of peptide intermediates made by the classical solution-phase methodology that promoted characterization of all intermediates, as well as the purity of final products made by the solid-phase approach of MerrifieldJ27 ... 

A recent example of an attempt to determine whether using a renewable bio-logicaUy-based process for making a particular product exhibits a better environmental profile in comparison to using a synthetic pathway is the comparison of two different processes for the manufacture of the pharmaceutical intermediate 7-aminocephalosporic acid (7-ACA) as a case study [33]. The methodology used for the assessment integrates environment, health, safety, and life cycle aspects... 

What is one to make of the 1975 experiments275 277 278 leading to the conclusions that kI2 (k2 + k2 ) = 4 1 and kx kn- 0 They and the 1984 work which reported experimental values for all four mechanistic rate constants and the ratios ka (k2 + /c23) = 0.23 and k, kl2= 1.8 cannot both be correct. One response is to remain objective and quite neutral, and to consider the experimental situation simply unresolved. Another is to try to make an independent assessment of the two sets of experiments by critically evaluating the experimental designs, the synthetic procedures and characterizations of labeled phenylcyclo-propanes, the analytical methodologies employed and the number of experimental rate... 

---