Green Synthetic Reactions

The Green Synthetic Reactions module is database query module to find references related to selected synthetic processes, particularly those that act as examples of 

Results are presented on a form that contains the full reference, keywords, P2 comments, status, and vendor, like in the following example  

P2 Comments Two-stage catalytic oxidation (isobutylene to methacrolein and then to methacrylic acid final esterification with methanol) complex catalyst system. 

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Synthetic Methodology Assessment for Reduction Techniques (SMART) A program adapted from the EPAs SMART review process and designed to quantify and categorize hazardous materials used in a manufacturing process. Green Synthetic Reactions Provides a searchable database of synthetic processes and identifies alternative processes published to replace more hazardous materials with less hazardous ones. 

A key distinction from Grignard reagents is that the organoindium reagents are water-tolerant, to the extent that indium-mediated allylations are often carried out in water. The low toxicity of indium also makes this reaction an excellent example of a green synthetic reaction. 

The "Green synthetic reactions" module provides technical information on green synthetic methods. 

The New Challenger—the Potential of Glycerol in Green Chemistry Enhancing the efficiency of a synthetic reaction. Palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation... 

This chapter has presented a quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of two alternative procedures for the preparation of Elliott s alcohol. The assessment was made with the aid of the EATOS tool. This is an easy to use software tool that can be used routinely to assess the greenness of reactions or synthetic schemes. Its simplicity allows for a daily routine use, thus favoring the introduction of green elements at a very early stage of synthetic process design. 

This method made use of equimolar amounts of the reagents (while an excess of aldehyde was required in the corresponding thermally initiated reactions) and avoided the use of foul-smelling auxiliaries, such as thiols. These facts qualify the reaction as a green synthetic method. In addition, the atom... 

Now we are convinced that a monograph on the advances in Friedel-Crafts acylation reactions is timely, especially in view of the present-day requirements in green synthetic processes. 

For instance, in the above case of mass metrics, very important to assess the materialization of synthetic reactions to pursue the dematerialization of chemistry, the metrics AE and E-factor were found to be insufficient to account for all aspects of material greenness a decade after their conception, and since then a lot of alternative reductionist metrics have been proposed. This is not unexpected, as the calculation of metrics should be easy... 

The potential of enzymes as practical catalysts is well described, and their activity and selectivity (stereo-, chemo-, and regioselectivity) for catalyzed reactions cover a broad range. Enzymes clearly constitute very powerful green tools for catalyzing synthetic chemical processes. In this context, the continuous increase of the market for enantiopure fine chemicals places enzymes as suitable catalysts for green synthetic processes. Catalytic promiscuity of enzymes in nonaqueous environments has been widely described and is related to the ability of a single active site to catalyze more than one chemical transformation for example, lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) is able to catalyze aldol additions, Michael-type additions, and so on [4]. 

A green synthetic protocol under solvent-free conditions for the synthesis of phos-phono malonates (162) from alkenes (160) and phosphorous nucleophiles (161) using nanoflake ZnO at 50°C has been documented (Scheme 9.52) (Hosseini-Sarvari and Etmad 2008). The reaction is an example of one of the most powerful and important C-P bond-forming reactions, which is the phospha-Michael addition. The advantages of this method include mild reaction conditions, a simple set up, high yields, and so on. The formylation of amines (163) with formic add (70) under solvent-free... 

Peng and coworkers [833] have adapted the successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), an in-solution deposition method derived from the atomic layer epitaxy method used in growing thin films in vacuum, to prepare CdSe-CdS nanocrystals on gram scale batches using ordinary precursors such as CdO, S, and Se. Wei et al. [228] report a green synthetic route for CdSe/CdS core-shell nanoparticles in aqueous solution using Se powder as the selenium... 

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