Synthesis, chlorinated rubber

Synthesis and Characterization of Chlorinated Rubber from Low-Molecular-Weight Guayule... 

THAMES KALEEM Synthesis Characterization of Chlorinated Rubber 233... 

TABLE I. Experimental Conditions Used In The Synthesis Of Chlorinated Rubber... 

Use Organic synthesis (chlorinating agent, dehydrating agent, acylating agent) pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs, rubber-base plastics, rayon, solvent, catalyst. 

Use Solvent for vinyl resins dyes for leather chlorinated rubber cellulose esters solvent softener for nylon vegetable oils coupling agent organic synthesis. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-00515 BRN 1889288 CCRIS 6190 DCHP Dicyclohexyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate Dicyclohexyl phthalate EINECS 201-545-9 Ergoplast FDC HF 191 Howflex CP HSDB 5246 KP 201 NSC 6101 Phthalic acid, dicyclohexyl ester Unimoll 66. A plasticizer for nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, chlorinated rubber, PVAc, PVC, and other polymers. Used in formulation of delayed tack heat sealable coatings, it Is a heat activated plasticizer for heat seal applications such as food wrappers/labels, pharmaceutical labels and other applications where delayed heat activated adhesive is required used in manufacture of printing ink formulations for paper, vinyl, textiles, and other substrates. Solid mp = 66° d = 1.383 insoluble in H2O, soluble in EtOH, Et20, CHCI3, Bayer AG Lancaster Synthesis Co. Miles Inc. Morflex Unitex. 

Tetrahydro-2-furanylmethanol Tetrahydro-2-furfuryl alcohol Tetra-hydro-2-furylmethanol Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol Tetra-hydrofurfurylalkohol Tetrahydrofuryl carbinol Tetra-hydrofurylalkohol THFA. Solvent for vinyl resins, dyes for leather, chlorinated rubber, cellulose esters, coupling agent, solvent-softener for nylon. Liquid mp <-80° bp = 178° d n 1.0524 miscible with H2O, freely soluble in EtOH, MezCO. Lancaster Synthesis Co, Penta Mfg. QO. 

As a result of its manufacture, transport, storage, and use as a solvent for oils, fats, waxes, chlorinated rubber, and resins and in the synthesis of some elastomers, 1,2,3-trichloropropane may be released to the environment in emissions and wastewater. In the atmosphere,... 

MAJOR USES Used in manufacture of 1,1-dichloroethene used as a solvent for chlorinated rubbers, oils, waxes, fats and resins used in organic synthesis. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and insecticides used to provide better flow characteristics and film integrity used to increase wetting ability and electrostatic spraying properties used to ensure greater pigment dispersion used as a solvent in vinyl and epoxy coatings, nitrocellulose, chlorinated rubbers, printing inks, and adhesives. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a solvent and extractant for resins, oils, fats, waxes, and chlorinated rubber used as a paint and varnish remover, and as a commercial solvent for degreasing metal parts useful in the synthesis of hexafluoropropylene has also been used in the synthesis of thiokol polysulfide elastomers if some branching of the polymer structure is required. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a flame retarder and plasticizer in chlorinated rubber, nitrile rubber and resins used in coatings and adhesives based on plasticized cellulose esters used as a gasoline additive to control pre-ignition useful as a solvent in the extraction of phenol fi om gas-plant effluents and coke-oven wastewaters use as a synthetic lubricant, a waterproofing agent, a primary component of adhesives, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. 

N.N-Dimethylformamide [68-12-2] (DMF) [14.276] is miscible with water and organic solvents except aliphatic hydrocarbons. It is a good high-boiling solvent for cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate), polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, chlorinated rubber, polyacrylates, ketone resins, and phenolic resins. Alkyd resins and resin esters are partially soluble. Dimethylformamide does not dissolve polyethylene, polypropylene, urea-formaldehyde resins, rubber, and polyamides. It is used as a solvent in printing inks, for polyacrylonitrile spinning solutions [14.277], and as a solvent in the synthesis of acetylene. 

Uses Synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals solvent for nitrocellulose and other cellulose derivs., natural and syn. resins, lacquers, plastics, printing inks, chlorinated rubber, heat-reactive phenolics, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals fragrance ingred. in perfumes organic synthesis lab reagent in recovery of acetic acid from dil. aq. sol ns. in cellophane for food pkg. 

NFPA Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0 Storage Store in clearly identified area accessible to authorized personnel only Uses Intermediate in prod, of vinylidene chloride solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, chlorinated rubbers, pharmaceuticals mfg. of electronic components in chem. synthesis in food-pkg. adhesives Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105 HAP Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aldrich.com-, Fluka http //www.sigma-aidrich.com-. Sigma... 

JThe effect of the substituent on the properties of the polyphosphazenes is not fully understood. For instance, [NP(OCH ) ]n and [NP C CH. homopolymers are elastomers (8,29). Synthesis using lithium, in contrast to sodium, salts is claimed to produce rubber-like fluoroalkoxyphosphazene polymers (30). The presence of unreacted chlorine or low molecular weight oligomers can affect the bulk properties (31,32). Studies with phosphazene copolymers both in solution and in the bulk state (29,33-38) indicate a rather complex structure, which points out the need for additional work on the chain structure and morphology of these polymers. 

Carbon tetrachloride is used in the synthesis of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants. It is also used as an agricultural fumigant and as a solvent in the production of semiconductors, in the processing of fats, oils and rubber and in laboratory applications (Lewis, 1993 Kauppinen et al., 1998). 

Chloroprene is of high industrial importance for manufacture of synthetic rubbers. For a long time the synthesis was based on acetylene. More recent processes are based on butadiene as a feedstock, which is substantially cheaper [29]. The initial step is a gas-phase free-radical chlorination at 250 °C and temperature control is ensured by use of excess butadiene (molar ratio of Cl2 to butadiene 1 5 to 1 50) [44]. To limit side reactions, short contact time reactors operating at higher temperatures and residence times below one second are also known [45], Good mix-... 

The indene-derived group. At the Velsicol Chemical Corporation in Chicago in 19 3, Dr. Julius Hyman was seeking new uses for the cyclopentadiene which was a by-product of U.S. synthetic rubber production and was already used by Velsicol for the manufacture of resins and varnishes by the Diels-Alder reaction (6). A literature search revealed Straus s 1930 synthesis of hexachlorocyclopentadiene ( hex ) and, since chlorinated dienes are frequently rather inert, Hyman was interested to determine if hex would participate in the Diels-Alder reaction, either with itself or with cyclopentadiene. 

The transformation of raw materials into products of greater value by means chemical reaction is a major industry, and a vast number of commercial prod is obtained by chemical synthesis. Sulfuric acid, ammonia, ethylene, propyl phosphoric acid, chlorine, nitric acid, urea, benzene, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol are examples of chemicals produced in the United States, billions of kilograms each year. These in turn are used in the large-scale manu ture of fibers, paints, detergents, plastics, rubber, fertilizers, insecticides, Clearly, the chemical engineer must be familiar with chemical-reactor design operation. 

OCTA and HeptaCTAs are formed, along with other polychlorinated aromatic sulfur compounds, as by products in the synthesis of pentachlorothiophenol from hexachlorobenzene. Pentachlorothiophenol is used as an additive for the improvement of the vulcanization process of rubber in the tire industry. The formation of OCTA is believed to occur by dimerization of pentachlorothio-phenate and by intramolecular cyclization and the formation of HeptaCTAs by dechlorination of higher chlorinated thianthrenes [27]. 

Chlorinated benzenes are key precursors for the industrial production of colours, pesticides, rubber products and disinfectants. Additionally, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was used for a long time as a pesticide. Octachlorostyrene is a specific by-product of the production of magnesium, as well as a by-product of the technical production of chlorine (Kaminski and Hites, 1984). Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is used in the rubber production, as hydraulic liquid, solvent and as a by-product of the technical synthesis of chlorinated compounds like tetrachloroethene (Booker and Pavlostathis, 2000). Bis(chloropropyl)ethers represent byproducts of the technical synthesis of epichlorhydrin, used for the production of epoxy resins and disinfectants. The concentration profile of the individual chlorinated compounds reveals different emission histories. 

Numerical value of chemical reaction characteristic time is of fundamental importance in respect to possibility of realization of novel continuous process of chlorobutyl rubber synthesis. According with [27] in temperature interval 290-325 K time of chlorination reaction is less than 60 sec, and in concrete case of chlorination of 15-16% butyl rubber solution in methylchloride (328 K, dosage of molecular chlorine - 3-3,5 mass %) is equal to 7,5 2,5 sec [176]. 

---