Swirl chamber

Glow plug Fuel heater Swirl chamber Piston ring Turbo rotor... 

Vehicle Fuel Economy fmpg) Gasoline Engine FUDS Highway Fuel Economy fmpgj Swirl Chamber Diesel FUDS Highway ... 

Various hollow-cone simplex atomizers (Fig. 2.1) have been developed for combustion applications, differing from each other mainly in the way that swirl is imparted to the issuing liquid jet. In these atomizers, swirl chambers may have conical slots, helical slots (or vanes), or tangential slots (or drilled holes). Using thin, removable swirl plates to cut or stamp the swirl chamber entry ports leads to economies of the atomization systems if spray uniformity is not a primary concern. Large simplex atomizers have found applications in utility boilers and industrial furnaces. Oil flow rates can be as high as 67 kg/min. 

In a duplex atomizer (Fig. 2.2), the swirl chamber consists of two sets of tangential swirl ports primary and secondary ports. The primary ports are for low flow rates and the secondary ports are the main passage for high flow rates. During operation, the primary swirl ports are supplied first with a liquid from the primary manifold, while a spring-loaded pressurizing valve prevents the liquid from entering the secondary manifold. When a predetermined injection... 

A spill-return atomizer (Fig. 2.4) is essentially a simplex atomizer. The difference between the two types of atomizers is that the rear wall of the swirl chamber is solid in a simplex, while in a... 

Various correlations for mean droplet size generated using pressure-swirl and fan spray atomizers are summarized in Tables 4.4 and 4.5, respectively. In the correlations for pressure-swirl data, FN is the Flow number defined as FN = ml/APlpl) )5, l0 and d0 are the length and diameter of final orifice, respectively, ls and ds are the length and diameter of swirl chamber, respectively, Ap is the total inlet ports area, /yds the film thickness in final orifice, 6 is the half of spray cone angle, and Weyis the Weber number estimated with film... 

Drops, like bubbles, can be formed by nozzles, and also by microburettes, spinning disks, or swirl chambers. The various methods have been discussed by Batchelor and Davis (Bl) in their monograph. The simplest method of forming drops is from nozzles and is most commonly employed the present review is restricted to this mode only. 

In the development of the Diesel engine (117) the design of the combustion system has played an important role. Several combustion chamber shapes are presently in use. These include the open chamber (38, 54, 68, 82), the precombustion chamber (24, 32, 92, 108), the turbulence or air-swirl chamber (32), the air cell, and the energy cell (32). In all of these fuel is vaporized by transferring heat from the air charge to the fuel. In a recently developed combustion system (87) the fuel is sprayed on a hot surface which... 

This system consists of an orifice placed after a fixed mechanism, called a core, swirl chamber, or whizzer, depending upon die manufacturer. A... 

A portion of the liquid is recirculated after going through the swirl chamber. 

Parameters that most influence the behavior of a spray are the viscosity, the thixotropy, the surface tension, and the density. Modification of the swirl chamber and the inlet channels makes it possible to adjust the spray performance to the patient s requirements (Fig. 3). The particle size distribution can be altered by varying the dimensions and the geometry of the orifice, as well as the pressure build-up in the volume chamber prior to dispensing. One of the major criteria is to keep the fraction of extremely small particles very low to avoid partial inhalation of the drug formulation. 

Pressure nozzles are usually operated with a feed pressure of 30-200 bar and lead to a certain flow velocity at the orifice of the nozzle. The feed is forced into rotation in a swirl chamber within the nozzle resnlting in a cone-shaped spray at the nozzle orifice. It readily integrates into a spray as it is unstable. An increase in the feed rate leads to a less homogeneous and coarse spray with an increase in the width of the droplet size distribution. The mean size of droplets is indirectly proportional to pressnre up to 690 bar (680 atm) and directly proportional to feed rate and feed viscosity. Working with pressure nozzles results in a particle size diameter between 50 and 500 pm. °... 

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