Sustainability approach

Biotechnology therefore offers a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to fulfilling the needs of society. It can achieve this by, for example, offering alternative routes to the manufacture of products hitherto made by potentially environmentally damaging routes. Alternative, it enables the production of novel products, which are less environmentally damaging than products made via conventional chemical routes. We will use two examples to illustrate these principles. 

As exergy efficiency approaches 100%, the environmental impact associated with process operation approaches zero, since exergy is only converted from one form to another without loss. Also sustainability approaches infinity because the process approaches reversibility. 

Effective management and training. This is the introduction of a sustained approach to pollution control and environmental management. It will be achieved as a result of senior management s commitment to... 

Allying click chemistry with the use of environmentally benign catalysts, such as zeolites, may constitute a valuable synthetic tool, representing a true green and sustainable approach. 

Briefly expressed, the sustainable approach of the sewer process concept can be interpreted by changing wastewater management from an end-of-pipe treatment to a pipe and plant treatment. This is not the only way of approaching a sustainable solution for an urban wastewater system, however, it is a contribution. But, it is certainly true that the sewer process concept tends to put much more focus on the dry-weather performance of the sewer than is typically done. 

Sustainable approaches are those that are the least toxic and least energy intensive, and yet maintain productivity and profitability. Preventive strategies and other alternatives should be employed before using chemical inputs from any source. However, there may be situations where the use of synthetic chemicals would be more sustainable than a strictly nonchemical approach using toxic organic chemicals (SARE 1997). Lewis et al. (1997) stress this point the fact that a product is natural and/or nontoxic does not necessarily mean it is less disruptive than synthetic products. The important thing is to work as much in harmony as possible with the system s inherent defenses. 

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks. 

Figure 9.5 Conventional (a) and sustainable approach for the design of new pharmaceuticals (b) [103]. After-use life depends on many unknowns related to fate and effects of compounds. Ready biodegradability at least mitigates this problem.

Suroso, T., Sianturi, B., Pramono, B., 2000. Vector control policy in malaria control programme in Indonesia. Proceedings of Workshop on Sustainable Approaches for Pest and Vector Management and Opportunities for Collaboration in Replacing POPs Pesticides, Bangkok, March 6-10, 2000, UNEP/FAO/WHO. 

Another point in terms of CO2 reduction is the fact that binding carbon from biomass into chemicals is a more sustainable approach than converting CO2 to fuel which is burnt afterward - or capturing CO2 into subterranean caverns. 

These systems however, are almost always less economically profitable in the short run than are exploitative approaches that mine the system. In order to encourage a more sustainable approach to resource management, it will be necessary to subsidize the approach, at least until transition costs can be overcome. Further, to make sustainable systems more competitive with exploitative approaches, subsidies for ranching and other unsustainable land use must be eliminated. 

There are a number of methods that can be applied to increase the solubility of insoluble materials (Table 4.5). Cheaper, more sustainable approaches to... 

Short Rotation Forestry has relative good potential to be used in non arable land and provides a sustainable approach to energy (22), however, since the land has to be blocked for about 15-20 years, fanners in the EU are reluctant to implement SRF schemes. The only exceptions are Sweden, where there is a long tradition for SRF mostly for pulp and paper and the UK where recently successful schemes have been introduced to the farming community (23). The USA (24) has also an ambitious programme for the development of SRF while Canada also has carried out significant work and is examining various SRF implementation schemes. Brazil has successfully established eucalyptus plantations (23). On the other hand, very few tests have been carried out with SRF feedstocks and the industry is a somewhat uncertain about the properties of SRF fuels. A sensitive area is that of heavy metals some of which are easily up taken by the plants (e.g. cadmium). 

Targeted Respondents. The target respondents were senior executives and managers with responsibilities for sustainability at chemical companies with major operations in the United States. The companies and contacts within them were identified by BRIDGES and the AIChE. Contacts were asked to forward the survey to the appropriate individual if they believed that they were not the most knowledgeable on the company s sustainability approach and activities. In addition, contacts were informed that the results of the survey would be nonattributable and that all company-specific information provided would remain strictly confidential. 

K. Bethke, Eco-Efficiency for SMEs in the Moroccan Dyeing Industry. A Sustainable Approach to Industrial Development, Nord-Siid aktuell, 1, 106-109 (2003). 

Sustainable Approach towards Maps Cultivation in NDBR... 

Dumping calcium and other substances from the bones might be a relatively harmless mechanism if it is rarely used, but it is not a sustainable approach to blood pH balance over the long term. Yet because of poor dietary and lifestyle patterns, that is precisely what most people are forcing their bodies to do. Balance may be restored to the blood, but it comes at a high cost weakened bones and a suppressed capacity for additional bone formation. So it is no surprise that the incidence of bone-demineralizing diseases such as osteoporosis are on the rise. (You ll leam more about this tragic disorder in the next chapter.)... 

To date, it seems that the most sustainable approach is the one that combines the use of cheap raw materials, for example, cyclohexane, benzene or phenol, with oxygen as the terminal oxidant. Within this context, a process that does not use acetic acid in the aerial oxidation of the KA Oil into AA or, even better, in the direct oxidation of cyclohexane to AA would represent a significant step forward towards a new and sustainable synthesis. On the other hand, recent examples demonstrate that even the traditional process making use of nitric acid for the oxidation of KA Oil may be turned into an intrinsically green one that is economically sustainable due to the use of the co-produced N2O in down-stream applications. 

Figure 14 shows the systematic inclusion of social aspects into the Life Cycle Sustainability approach at IKP. The original name LCWT (WT for Working Time ) was changed to LCWE. 

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