Stream table

The feedstocks used ia the production of petroleum resias are obtaiaed mainly from the low pressure vapor-phase cracking (steam cracking) and subsequent fractionation of petroleum distillates ranging from light naphthas to gas oil fractions, which typically boil ia the 20—450°C range (16). Obtaiaed from this process are feedstreams composed of atiphatic, aromatic, and cycloatiphatic olefins and diolefins, which are subsequently polymerized to yield resias of various compositioas and physical properties. Typically, feedstocks are divided iato atiphatic, cycloatiphatic, and aromatic streams. Table 2 illustrates the predominant olefinic hydrocarbons obtained from steam cracking processes for petroleum resia synthesis (18). 

As with particulate removal systems, it is apparent that many choices are available for removal of gases from effluent streams. Table 29-5 presents some of the factors that should be considered in selecting equipment. 

Six MS As are available for removing CE three for gaseous streams and three for liquid streams (Tables 7.1 and 7.2). 

To reduce cresol content in discharged wastewater sOeams, four MSAs are avaiiaUe two MS As to remove cresol from gaseous stress and two MSAs to remove cresol from liquid streams. Tables 7.4. and 7.5. provide data for the candidate MSAs. 

Acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide are hy-products that may he recovered for sale. Acetonitrile (CH3CN) is a high polarity aprotic solvent used in DNA synthesizers, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrochemistry. It is an important solvent for extracting butadiene from C4 streams. Table 8-1 shows the specifications of acrylonitrile, HCN, and acetonitrile. ... 

Initial activity (TOF) was measured on fresh catalysts and EB conversion was also followed with time on stream (table 1). ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst is respectively 40, 25 and 2 times initially more active for the EB conversion than the Ferrierite, ZSM-22 and EU-1 catalysts (table 1). Except for ZSM-5, high deactivation occurs on zeolite catalysts as shown by EB conversion drop at different contact time (table 1). 

Farago and Chigier 2l() found that at similar aerodynamic Weber numbers, the disintegration modes of a thin liquid sheet in air streams are similar to those of a round liquid jet in a coaxial air stream (Table 3.2). At high aerodynamic Weber numbers, Membrane-Type or Fiber-Type breakup mode may set in. 

In 2000 two major petrochemical companies installed process NMR systems on the feed streams to steam crackers in their production complexes where they provided feed forward stream characterization to the Spyro reactor models used to optimize the production processes. The analysis was comprised of PLS prediction of n-paraffins, /xo-paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics calibrated to GC analysis (PINA) with speciation of C4-C10 for each of the hydrocarbon groups. Figure 10.22 shows typical NMR spectral variability for naphtha streams. Table 10.2 shows the PLS calibration performance obtained with cross validation for... 

The sulfuric acid plant has boiler blowdown and cooling tower blowdown waste streams, which are uncontaminated. However, accidental spills of acid can and do occur, and when they do, the spills contaminate the blowdown streams. Therefore, neutralization facilities should be supplied for the blowdown waste streams (Table 15), which involves the installation of a reliable pH or conductivity continuous-monitoring unit on the plant effluent stream. The second part of the system is a retaining area through which non-contaminated effluent normally flows. The detection and alarm system, when activated, causes a plant shutdown that allows location of the failure and initiation of necessary repairs. Such a system, therefore, provides the continuous protection of natural drainage waters, as well as the means to correct a process disruption. 

Plant 1226 is a bituminous coal-, oil-, and gas-fired electricity plant [1]. The recirculator cooling water system influent was sampled from a stream taken from the river and the effluent from the cooling tower blowdown stream. The effluent stream is used again in the ash sluice stream. Table 7 presents the data. The following additives are combined with the cooling tower influent ... 

Composition of the volatile aromatic hydrocarbons obtained on HZSM5 shows the following changes with time on stream (Table 3). In the early product (38 minutes from start) m-xylene, p-xylene, pseudo-cumene and durene are the... 

The most commonly used adsorbents are shown in Table 2.7. The adsorption process can be used for substance recovery as well as for the abatement of undesirable emissions in wastewaters (Table 2.8) and gas streams (Table 2.9). 

Historical data are available from 19 large streams (third and fourth order) in the Catskill Mountains, some of which have been monitored since early in this century (79, 97). Trend analyses indicate that N03 concentrations have increased in all of the streams (Table V), with most of the increase occurring in the past 2 decades (97,127). These increases are not attributable to watershed anthropogenic sources of N (i.e., point and nonpoint sources of pollution) and are similar to trends observed in eight headwater streams monitored in the 1980s as part of the U.S. EPA LTM project (Table V) (97, 127, 158). 

The following excerpt is accompanied by a simplified flow diagram for the ABCDF (Figure A-l) and mass balance tables of input and output streams (Tables A-l and A-2). The numbered streams in Tables A-l and A-2 correspond to the numbered diamonds in Figure A-l (U.S. Army, 1998). 

Table 2.12 Stream table by toluene hydrodealkylation process.

Table 10.7 presents the stream table around the chemical reactor. As mentioned above, the inlet mixture is fixed because of control requirements. In this way, the outlet reflects the transformation of composition due to the chemical reactor. The molar conversions for ethylene and acetic acid are in agreement with industrial data. The amount of C02 formed by reaction is quite limited, denoting good catalyst selectivity only about 11% from ethylene is consumed by combustion, the rest, 89%, going into vinyl acetate. Finally, the computation gives a catalyst productivity of 326.6kgVAM/m3-catalyst h. 

Table 10.7 Stream table around the chemical reactor.

Table 11.7 Stream table around chemical reactor and first separation step.

Gasification processes can be separated into three major types (1) moving-bed (counter-current flow) reactors (2) fluidized-bed (back-mixed) reactors and (3) entrained-flow (not back-mixed) reactors. Figure 19.11 shows the types of gasification reactors together with temperature profiles and locations of feed and product streams. Table 19.12 summarizes the important characteristics of each type of gasifier, and Table 19.13 presents the performance characteristics of selected gasifiers. 

A third type of reactor system is the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor system. The UASB is a continuous-flow system that maintains a dense flocculated biomass that is granular. The waste-water passes through this dense sludge blanket to achieve desired treatment efficiency. The UASB, anaerobic filter, and fluidized-bed systems have all been applied successfully to treat a variety of industrial waste streams. Table 22-44 summarizes some of the applications of these treatment technologies. 

SCW is an excellent medium for the total oxidation of unwanted and hazardous organic compounds such as those that need to be removed from wastewater and process streams (Table 4 9)7 d09,iio SCCO2 are also being... 

Pt-zeolite catalysts were also employed for the selective reduction of NO by HCs and were very active at lower reaction temperatures compared to Fe-, Cu- and Co-zeolites, but little, if any, literature was found for the Pt-exchanged zeolite catalysts deahng with the water tolerance. Iwamoto and coworkers conducted a comparative investigation of Pt- and Cu-MFI and Fe-MOR for their performance in NO reduction by C2H4. Pt-MFI-97 was found to be more active than the other two metal-exchanged zeolite catalysts at low temperatures and its activity for NO conversion at 200"C is hardly alfected by the addition of 8.6% H2O into the feed gas stream (Table 6), whereas the conversion of N2O formed during the course of the reaction slightly decreases by less than 10 /o. In... 

Information flows between modules via the material streams. Associated with each stream is an ordered list of numbers that characterize the stream. Table 5.3 lists a typical set of parameters associated with a stream. As a user of a modular-based code, you have to provide... 

TABLE 14.5 Specifications and Stream Table for Packed Column... 

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