Mass integration

Branches of Process inte ation Mass Integration and Energy Integration... 

Figure 1.4 Schematic represeotation of mass-integration strategies for pollution prevention segregation. mixing, interception, recycle and sink/gen tor manipulation (El-Halwagi and Spriggs, 1996).

The theory and application of process integration for pollution prevention will be the focus of the rest of the book. Special emphasis is given to mass integration techniques. As has been mentioned in the previous section, pollution prevention... 

Figure 4. i A schematic representation of mass-integration framework with MSA-induced inter-ceptuHi (a WIN becomes a MEN) (from El-Halwagi et al., 1996. Reproduced with permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Copyright 1996 AIQiE. All rights reserved). 

CHAPTER FOUR Graphical techniques for mass integration... 

Application of Mass Integration to Enhance Yield, Debottleneck the Process and Reduce Wastewater In an Acrylonitrile an Plant... 

Figure 4.4 Establishing taigets for biotreatment influeni overall water balance (a) before and (b) after mass integration.

Using mass-integration strategies of segregation, recycle, interception and sink/ source manipulation, fresh-water usage can in principle be completely eliminated. Hence, for the same reaction conditions and water losses, tl target for wastewater discharge can be calculated from the overall water balance as follows (Fig. 4.4) ... 

Aciylonitrile production has increased from 3.9 kg/s to 4.6 kg/s, which corresponds to an 18% yield enhancement for the plant This production increase is a result of better allocation of process streams the essence of mass integration. For a selling value of 0.6/kg of AN, the additional production of 0.7 kg AN/s can provide an annual revenue of 13.3 million/yr ... 

Because of the complexity of these questions, the solution approach will be presented in stages. A systematic method for in-plant interception using MSAs is presented in the next section. Later, interception will be integrated with the other mass-integration strategies. 

The objective of this problem is to employ mass integration techniques to reduce wastewater discharge while alleviating any buildup of ionic species. In this problem, we focus our attention on chlorine ions as the key species. 

Parthasaradiy, G., Lovelady, E., Hamad, A.A., Krishrtagopalan, G and El-Halwagi, M.M. (1996). Application of Mass Integration for the Cost-Effective Pollution Prevention in Pulp and Paper Mills. AIChE Annu. Meet., Chicago. 

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