Surveys person state measurement

Surveys have reported full-shift personal exposures measured by the companies and the study investigators in four acrylonitrile production plants in the United States (Zey et al., 1989 Zey McCammon, 1990 Zey et al., 1990a,b). The monomer production operators had 8-h time-weighted average (TWA,) personal exposures of about 1 ppm [2.2 mg/m3] or less from about 1978 to 1986, with some TWAg levels greater than... 

The 20 questions included in Figure 15.11 were selected from the actively caring person scale of our Safety Culture Survey. Each of the five actively caring states discussed in this chapter is assessed. There are only four questions per state, so this should not be considered a reliable nor a valid measure of these factors. In other words, do not read too much into this survey. Just respond to each query according to the instructions and then check the answer key in Figure 15.12 to increase your imderstanding of the five actively caring person states. 

Measures of person states can be used to evaluate perceptions of culture change and to pinpoint areas of a culture that need special intervention attention. Like most culture surveys, our Safety Culture Survey asks participants to answer questions on a five-point continuum (from highly disagree to highly agree) about their perceptions of the safety culture. Issues include the perceived amount of management support for safety, the willingness of... 

The impact of an intervention can be measured by comparing perception surveys given before and after implementation. At one plant, our baseline Safety Culture Survey indicated that secretaries had below-average levels of perceived empowerment, as assessed by the measures of self-efficacy, personal control, and learned optimism described earlier in Chapter 15. A special recognition intervention was devised and later the survey was administered again to measure changes in the five actively caring person states as well as safety perceptions and attitudes. 

Throughout this Handbook, I have presented various questionnaires that assess particular person states to gauge reactions to interventions. Such evaluation tools are not as objective and directly applicable to process improvement as feedback charts from behavioral observations. Results of surveys to measure perceptions, attitudes, or person states... 

Many states in the U.S. are currently involved in large scale surveys to measure radon levels in homes in an attempt to assess the environmental risk from radon and radon daughter exposure. Radon daughters deliver the largest radiation exposure to the population and it is estimated that 0.01% of the U.S. population (23,000 persons) are exposed from natural sources to greater than those levels allowed occupationally (4 WLM/yr) (NCRP, 1984). 

Current federal regulations limit the deep dose equivalent based on that part of the body likely to receive the highest exposure. If personal monitor results are not available or the personal monitor was not located at the position of highest exposure, the regulations allow the substitution of surveys and other radiation measurements (NRC, 1991). These requirements strongly influence the current practices in the United States for the number and location of personal monitors on individuals. 

Standardized questionnaires are used to capture HRQL data in a variety of settings. These standardized questionnaires may be self-administered or completed via telephone or personal interview, by observation, or by postal survey. Two basic approaches to HRQL measurement are available generic instruments that provide a summary of health-related quality of fife and specific instruments that focus on problems associated with individual disease states, patient groups, or areas of function. 

As discussed earlier in this text, person factors refer to subjective or internal aspects of people. They are reflected in commonly used terms like attitude, perception, feeling, intention, value, intelligence, cognitive style, and personality trait. You can find many surveys that measure specific person factors of target populations ranging from children to adults. Some of these factors are presumed to be traits, others are considered states. It is important to understand the difference when you consider the evaluation potential of a particular survey. 

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