Surfactants dispersion formulation

Modem oil spill-dispersant formulations are concentrated blends of surface-active agents (surfactants) in a solvent carrier system. Surfactants are effective for lowering the interfacial tension of the oil slick and promoting and stabilizing oil-in-water dispersions. The solvent system has two key functions (1) to reduce the viscosity of the surfactant blend to allow efficient dispersant application and (2) to promote mixing and diffusion of the surfactant blend into the oil film [601]. 

Defoaming agents are in three principal categories, but sometimes are used in combination II) surfactants made soluble. (2) dispersions of hard panicles, and f3) dispersions of soft panicles. The fatty acid-fatty alcohol combination in hydrocarbon oil is an example of a solubilized surfactant defoaming formulation Paraffinic waxes and laity amides may be used in soft-particle formulations. The most common of the hard-particle formulations is silica or a mineral coated with silicone dispersed in a vehicle. A particle size as small as 0.1X2 micrometer may be optimal. 

Several generic kinds of results are pertinent to the properties of dispersions. The surfactant solutions formulated to stabilize microemulsions, and some kinds of macroemulsions, can exhibit marked dynamic interfacial tension behaviour. Figure 3.14 shows an example in which a series of commerical surfactant additions are made to a system containing crude oil and a base. Under alkaline conditions the interfacial tension is already dynamic due to the saponification of natural surfac-... 

For the formulation of suspensions, the hydrophobic or hydrophilic solid is dispersed in a aqueous or nonaqueous medium to produce a system that covers a wide particle size range, typically 0.1-5 pm. This process requires the presence of a surfactant (dispersant) that satisfies four criteria (i) wetting of the powder by the Uquid (if) the dispersion of aggregates and agglomerates into single units (iii) comminution of the large particles into smaller units and (iv) stabilisation... 

Aerosol . [Am. Cyanamid Cyanamid BV] Sulfonates, sulfosuccinamates and sulfosuccinates eirmlsifio, dispersant, foamer, detergmit, wetting agmit, solubilizer for so and surfactants cleaner formulations, emulsion pctiymetization, agriculture, electroplating, textile, rubber, petrol., paper, metal, paint, plastics. 

Nanosuspensions consist of the pure poorly water-soluble drug without any matrix material suspended in dispersion. It is sub-micron colloidal dispersion of pure particles of drug stabilized by surfactants. By formulating nanosuspensions, problems associated with the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs and poorly water-soluble and lipid-soluble drugs can be solved. Nanosuspensions differ from nanoparticles, " which are polymeric colloidal carriers of drugs (nanospheres and nanocapsules), and from solid-lipid nanoparticles, which are lipidic carriers of drug. 

A fairly large number of demulsifying/dispersing formulations have been created for application to marine oil spills [54, 85-87]. They are usually designed to promote O/W emulsion formation and tend to be moderately hydrophilic. Many such formulations are mixtures of non-ionic and anionic surfactants formulated to achieve a target hydrophile-hpophUe balance (HLB) of about 10 [85, 87-90]. 

Oil-in-water emulsions obtained with certain SPEs are stable in the presence of alcohol, which is an important advantage for many emulsion and dispersion formulations, where alcohols are common co-solvents or additives. At the same eontent of ethanol, hydrocarbon-based Pliu onic surfactants do not emulsify oil-in-water [51],... 

Uses Surfactant for formulating acidic cleaning prods, and specialty salts dispersant wetting agent, spreader/penetrant for agric. applies. solubilizer for phenolic germicides in... 

Surfactants are used in the so-called flush process in the dye and varnish industry. Organic and inorganic pigments are transferred from an aqueous medium into an oily medium in this procedure. In addition, surfactants disperse pigments in dyestuffs, emulsify pigments in emulsion dyestuffs and stabilize the formulations of dyes and varnishes. 

A typical dispersant formulation consists of a pair of non-ionic surfactants in proportions to yield an average HLB of 10, and some proportion of ionic surfactants. Studies have been done on this mixture, one of which used statistical procedures in an attempt to determine the best mixture of the three ingredients [7]. A performance improvement was claimed by adjusting the three ingredients. Several patents are held... 

Filled adhesives typically are designed for the construction and do-it-yourself trade. Filled adhesives consist primarily of the base polymer, fillers such as calcium carbonate or clay, solvents, surfactants, dispersants, preservatives, and thickeners. Formulations are specifically tailored for numerous end uses including brick mastics, carpet tile and continuous carpet adhesives, floor tile adhesives, ceramic tile, subflooring, and panel adhesives. 

Uses Surfactant, dispersant for dry cleaning, hand cleaners, corrosion inhibitor, heavy-duty liq. formulations, polymerization Features Strong in alkaline environment Properties Vise, liq. 97% cone. 

Uses Surfactant, dispersant for agric. formulations Properties Powd. 62% act. 

Uses Emulsifer for soivs. surfactant for formulation of hard surf, cleaners, degreasers and dispersants in industrial and domestic applies. 

Uses Emulsifier for agric., soivs. filter cake dewatering dust suppression in coal industry domestic, laundry, hard surf, and window cleaners leather paper deink-ing skin care prods. textile wetting, carbonizing, leveling, scouring surfactant for formulation of hard surf, cleaners, degreasers and dispersants in industrial and domestic applies. 

Uses Vise, modifier, foam stabilizer, lubricant, conditioner, emulsifier, wetting agent, thickener, penetrant, dye dispersant, scouring aid, antistat for cosmetics and toiletries industrial foam booster/stabilizer metal processing textile surfactant aerosol formulations charge soap in dry cleaning Properties Paste sol. in water, oil, alcohol, perc, Stod., kerosene, CFC sp.gr. 0.99 Witcamide 6310 [Witco ]... 

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