Surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate

The partial oxidation of cinnamyl alcohol (Ph-CH—CH-CH2OH) to cinnamalde-hyde was conducted in the presence of a surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) because reactant and product were insoluble in water [45,50]. Oxidation on Bi-Pt/AljOj catalysts was performed at basic pH obtained by addition of Li2C03, and by controlling the air supply to avoid over-oxidation of the metal. The maximum selectivity for cinnamaldehyde, 98.5 % at 95.5 % conversion, was obtained for a Bi/Pts ratio of 0.5. The high selectivity for cinnamyl aldehyde was attributed to the negligible hydration of the aldehyde because of the conjugation of C—O, C=C, and aromatic nucleus (see Section 9.2.2.1). Under similar conditions the selectivity for oxidation of 1-dodecanol [50] to dodecanal was poor. 

The anionic surfactant sodium lauiyl ether (3EO) sulfate, 28.82% actives, was obtained from Stepan Co. and used as received. The anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, 23% actives, was obtained from Rhodia Inc. and used as received. Sodium chloride (NaCl), A.C.S. certified grade, was used as received from Fisher Scientific. Distilled, deionized water was used in all samples. 

Figure 6.9. Mechanical stability of emulsions stabilized by (a) the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and (b) the nonionic surfactant linseed oil fatty acid monoethanolamide ethoxylate (13 EO). The initial droplet sizes are given on the figures. Increase in droplet size on shearing is a sign of coalescence. The decrease in droplet size for the 7 pm droplets of part (b) reflects shear-induced disintegration of the large aggregates formed. (From G. Ostberg et al.. Prog. Org. Coatings, 24, 281 (1994) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science)...

The dependence of the entry barrier on the concentration of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDDBS) was studied for hexadecane oil drops. A steep increase of the barrier is observed at a concentration above 9 mM (effective volume fraction of the micelles 6%), which implies that the oscillatory structure forces, created by the micelles, play a significant role above this concentration (Fig. 12). 

The surfactant most commonly used is the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulfate. Other surfactants that have been used include sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate [25155-30-0] sodium A/-lauroyl sarcosinate or Gardol [137-16-6] and sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfonate [3694-90-4]. Cationic and nonionic surfactants are not used for several reasons, including incompatibiUty with the abrasive system and lack of high foaming capabiUty. 

From an analytical point of view, the use of anionic surfactants as enhancers of CL reactions is most limited. One of the most recent examples is the use of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a CL enhancer of the system Ru(hpy) - SO - KBr03 (bpy = 2,2 -bipyridyl) [60], The authors of this work propose the following mechanism for the chemiluminescent system ... 

The general procedure for dispersion involves use of sonication, which causes an unzipping mechanism of dispersion as proposed by Smalley and co-workers [51]. Typical surfactants used for this purpose are sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). The latter shows a stronger interaction as a result of the presence of the aromatic ring. It also appears that longer and more branched hydrocarbon chains interact more efficiently [52],... 

The synthetic detergents industry originated in the 1940s, when it was found that a new anionic surfactant type—alkylbenzene sulfonate—had detergent characteristics superior to those of natural soaps. The first surfactant of this kind was sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS). This material was produced by the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene with propylene tetramer (a mixture of Co olefin isomers), followed by sulfonation with oleum or sulfur trioxide and then neutralization, usually with sodium hydroxide. The alkylation was typically performed using homogenous acid catalysts, such as HF or sulfuric acid. 

We can convert neutral NIPA gels into a polyelectrolyte gel through the binding of surfactant molecules such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (NaDBS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) [20], As will be seen in Sec. V.B, the polyelectrolyte gel of this sort provides us with important infor-... 

Kokufuta E, Nakaizumi S, Ito S, Tanaka T. Uptake of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate by poly(M-isopropylacrylamide) gel and effect of surfactant uptake on the volume phase transition. Macromolecules 1995 28 704-1708. 

Adsorption on Silica Gel. The adsorption isotherms of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and TRS 10-410 on silica gel at 30°C and pH =5.8 are shown in Figure 2 for zero and one wt. % NaCl. Although the equivalent weights of these surfactants differ substantially (SDBS = 348 TRS-10-410=418) the isotherms are very similar in shape there is a concave toe, a shoulder, and a long flat plateau in each case. The addition of one wt.% NaCl to the solution results in a sharp reduction in the adsorption plateau (or saturation level) for SDBS (one wt.% NaCl causes salting-out of TRS-10-410, see Table I, so no adsorption isotherm was measured for TRS-10-410 and one wt % NaCl). 

On the other hand, tests with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate showed that PAH desorption could be accomplished by electromigration of anionic micelles in the direction of the anode the surfactant was injected at the cathodic side of the electrokinetic cell. PAH removal of 90% was seen in the cathodic region (Pamukcu, 1994). Consequently, it is apparent that anionic surfactants migrate against the electroosmotic flow, and hence, are less useful in EK than are nonionic surfactants, even though the anionic surfactants are less adsorbed onto soil than are nonionic materials. 

The control and reproducibility of particle size and particle size distribution is important to the quality of acrylic and styrene-acrylic latex products. Particle size has large effects on latex viscosity and the rheology of formulated products and may also exert subtle effects on the end-use peiformaiKe properties. The particle size is controlled primarily by the choice and amount of surfactant, or by the use of seed latexes. A recoit article [32] addresses the use of surfactants to control particle size in semi-continuous acrylic polymmzations. Many surfactants are reconunended by surfactant manuhicturras for the preparation of acrylic and styrene-acrylic latexes [33]. Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sulfosuccinates and the aUtylphonl ethoxylates ate typical. The patent literature contmns many discussions of the use of single [34] or multiple [3S] polymer seed latexes to control particle size. 

Chem. Descrip. Linear sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate CAS 25155-30-0 EINECS/ELINCS 246-680-4 Uses Surfactant for emulsion polymerization, paints/coatings food pkg. adhesives, rubber articles emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard Regulatory FDA 21CFR 175.105,176.210,177.2600,178.3400 Properties Yel. slurry anionic 50% act. 

Chem. Descrip. Branched sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate CAS 25155-30-0 EINECS/ELINCS 246-680-4 Uses Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization (SBR, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, styrene, and acrylic latexes), paints/coatings emulsifier, dispersant for agric. formulations surfactant for washing fruits and vegetables food pkg. adhesives, paper defoamer in food-contact paper/ paperboard emulsifier in mfg. of food-contact articles Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 175.105,175.300,175.320,176.170,176.180, 176.200,176.210,178.3400 exempt from tolerance under EPA40CFR 180.1001 (c) (e) BGA XIV compliance Properties Flakes pH 6.0-9.5 (10%) surf. tens. 32 dynes/cm ( CMC) anionic 98% act. 

T012 Mazawet IT, MERPOL HCS Monawet MM-80 Monawet MT-70E NIaproof Anionic Surfactant 4 Nonoxynol-2 Nonoxynol-3, Nonoxynoi-5 Nonoxynol-7 Nonoxynol-8, Nonoxynoi-11 Nonoxynol-13 Nonoxynoi-15 Nonoxynoi-28, Nonoxynol-40, Nonoxynol-58, Nonoxynol-108, Octoxynol-3, Octoxynol-8, Octoxynoi-18, Octoxynol-IS Octoxynol-30 Oleoyl sarcosine PEG-15 cocamine, PEG-B cocoate PEG hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-30 tetramethyl decynedbl Pentex 99 Plurafac RA-40 Pluronlc L92 Polysorbate 28, Polysorbate 81 Rhodacal 330 Rhodafac RE-960 SECOSOL DOS 70 Sodium dinonyl sulfosuccinate Sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate Sodium myristyl sulfate. 

Two anionic surfactants are predominant in toothpaste formulations. These are SLS and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDOBS) that exhibits excellent foaming properties. A good quality and quantity of foam may be obtained by mixing SLS and SDOBS. Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (HjC (CH2)ioCON(CH3)CH2COONa) was used extensively in dentifrices, but was found to be a cause of oral mucosal irritation. Nowadays, its use is limited. Surfactants also play the role of inhibitor of enzymes responsible for tooth decay. 

Anionic surfactants are the most commonly used type in the emulsion polymerization. These include sulfates (sodium lauryl sulfate), sulfonates (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate), fatty acid soaps (sodium or potassium stearate, laurate, palmitate), and the Aerosol series (sodium dialkyl sulphosuccinates) such as Aerosol OT (AOT, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) and Aerosol MA (AMA, sodium dihexyl sulphosuccinates). The sulfates and sulfonates are useful for polymerization in acidic medium where fatty acid soaps are unstable or where the final product must be stable toward either acid or heavy-metal ions. The AOT is usually dissolved in organic solvents to form the thermodynamically stable reverse micelles. [22] Nonionic surfactants usually include the Brij type, Span-Tween 80 (a commercial mixture of sorbitol monooleate and polysorbate 80), TritonX-100[polyoxyethylene(9)4-(l,l,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl... 

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