Dodecylbenzene

Table 2. Isomer Distribution, wt %, of Dodecylbenzene from 1-Dodecene and Benzene...

The surfactant most commonly used is the anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulfate. Other surfactants that have been used include sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate [25155-30-0] sodium A/-lauroyl sarcosinate or Gardol [137-16-6] and sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfonate [3694-90-4]. Cationic and nonionic surfactants are not used for several reasons, including incompatibiUty with the abrasive system and lack of high foaming capabiUty. 

Surfactants. These enhance the colloid stability against mechanical and chemical stresses, help to disperse fillers, aid in wetting and enhance foaming. The most common surfactants are dodecylbenzene sulphonates and potassium oleate. 

The allcylation of a number of aromatic compounds through the use of a chloroa-luminate(III) ionic liquid on a solid support has been investigated by Holderich and co-workers [87, 88]. Here the allcylation of aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and phenol with dodecene was performed using the ionic liquid [BMIM]C1/A1C13 supported on silica, alumina, and zirconia. With benzene, monoalkylated dodecylbenzenes were obtained (Scheme 5.1-56). 

Microbes could not break down branch-chain detergents, so they left foam in river water. They were replaced by straight-chain alkyl benzene sulfonates, such as sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate and sodium xylenesulfonate. 

Example 4. Glycolysis of Polyurethanes with Propylene Oxide after Pretreatment with a Mixture of Diethanolamine and Potassium Hydroxide.57 Polyurethane scrap was treated with a mixture of diethanolamine and potassium hydroxide at a temperature between about 80 and 140° C with stirring to form an intermediate product. The weight ratio of the scrap PUR polymer to the mixture of diethanolamine and potassium hydroxide was from about 15 1 to 30 1. The intermediate product was reacted with propylene oxide at a temperature of from about 100 to 120°C in a closed reaction vessel to form a polyol. The propylene oxide was added at a rate to maintain a pressure of from about 2 to 5 atm (29-73 psi). The progress of the reaction was followed by following the change of pressure with time. When the pressure remained constant, the reaction of the intermediate product with propylene oxide was considered to be complete. The crude polyol obtained was treated with 10 mol % excess of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid to remove the potassium hydroxide. 

Examples of the preparation of a compound with surface-active properties is given in Refs. 79 and 171. Thus, dodecylbenzene reacts with PC13 in the presence of A1C13 to yield dodecylbenzenephosphinic acid after hydrolysis. 

PP-g-MA) silicate nanocomposites and intercalated thermoset silicate nanocomposites for flame-retardant applications were characterised by XRD and TEM [333], XRD, TEM and FTIR were also used in the study of ID CdS nanoparticle-poly(vinyl acetate) nanorod composites prepared by hydrothermal polymerisation and simultaneous sulfidation [334], The CdS nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polymer nanorods. The intercalation of polyaniline (PANI)-DDBSA (dodecylbenzene-sulfonate) into the galleries of organo-montmorillonite (MMT) was confirmed by XRD, and significantly large 4-spacing expansions (13.3-29.6A) were observed for the nanocomposites [335],... 

Hydroxy apatite (tricalcium phosphate) (tech grade) Dodecylbenzene sulfonate (tech grade)... 

Raw Material Obtained in the Following Size Containers Styrene by barge in 2,200,000 lb shipments Hydroxyl apatite in 50 lb bags Dodecylbenzene sulfonate in 5 gal cans Benzoyl peroxide in 300 lb drums Polybutadiene in 50 lb bales Hydrochloric acid in tank truck shipments... 

Water 0.12 Polybutadiene 0.005 Tricalcium Phosphate 0.00006 f Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate 0.0025 Benzoyl Peroxide 0.004 Misc. 

The additive feed tank must be large enough to handle all additives plus a carrier solution of styrene. The pounds of dodecylbenzene sulfonate, tricalcium phosphate, and benzoyl peroxide (50% water) used per batch are... 

The most common hydrophobes used as the basis for surfactants are those containing eight to eighteen carbon atoms, such as those listed as carboxylates in Table 9.1. Some hydrophobes are aromatic (benzene or naphthalene) moieties, often containing lower alkyl substituents dodecylbenzene (9.1) is a common example. Alkyl-substituted toluenes, xylenes and phenols, and mono- and di-alkylated naphthalenes (9.2 and 9.3), are also used. 

FIGURE 3.1.1.32.1 Logarithm of vapor pressure versus reciprocal temperature for dodecylbenzene. 

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