Surface-enhanced Raman resonance

SERS. A phenomenon that certainly involves the adsorbent-adsorbate interaction is that of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy, or SERS. The basic observation is that for pyridine adsorbed on surface-roughened silver, there is an amazing enhancement of the resonance Raman intensity (see Refs. 124—128). More recent work has involved other adsorbates and colloidal... 

Plenary 3. Ronald E Hester et al, e-mail address reh York.ac.uk (SERS). Use of dioxane envelope to bring water insoluble cliromophores (chlorophylls) into contact with aqueous silver colloids for SERS enliancement. PSERRS— protected surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy . 

Leng, W., Woo, H. Y, Vak, D., Bazan, G. C. and Kelly, A. M. (2006) Surface-enhanced resonance Raman and hyper-Raman spectroscopy of water-soluble substituted stilbene and distyrylbenzene chromophores. J. Raman Spectrosc., 37, 132-141. 

Rodger, C., Smith, W.E., Dent, G. and Edmondson, M. (1996) Surface-enhanced resonance-Raman scattering an informative prohe of surfaces. Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions, 791—799. 

Munro C.H., Smith W.E., Gamer M., Clarkson J., White P.C., Characterization of the surface of a citrate-reduced colloid optimized for use as a substrate for surface-enhanced resonance Raman-scattering, Langmuir 1995 11 3712-3720. 

Hildebrandt P., Stockburger M., Surface-enhanced resonance Raman-spectroscopy of rhodamine-6G adsorbed on colloidal silver, J. Phys. Chem. 1984 88 5935-5944. 

Koglin E., Sequaris J.M., Interaction of proflavine with DNA studied by colloid surface enhanced resonance Raman-spectroscopy, J. Molecular Struct. 1986 141 405-409. 

P. Corio, S.D.M. Brown, A. Marucci, M.A. Pimenta, K. Kneipp, and G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, Surface-enhanced resonant Raman spectroscopy of single-wall carbon nanotubes adsorbed on silver and gold surfaces. Phys. Rev. B 61, 13202—13211 (2000). 

K. Kneipp, A. Jorio, H. Kneipp, S.D.M. Brown, K. Shafer, J. Motz, R. Saito, G. Dresselhaus, and M.S. Dresslhaus, Polarization effects in surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering of single-wall carbon nanotubes on colloidal silver clusters. Phys. Rev. B 63, 081401.1-081401.4 (2001). 

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS), 21 327-328 advantage of, 21 329 Surface Evolver software, 12 11 Surface excess, 24 135, 136 Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS), 19 179 24 72 Surface filtration, 11 322-323 Surface finish(es). See also Electroplating in electrochemical machining, 9 591 fatigue performance and, 13 486-487 Surface finishing agents, 12 33 Surface force apparatus, 1 517 Surface force-pore flow (SFPF) model,... 

The use of surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) as an identification tool in TLC and HPLC has been investigated in detail. The chemical structures and common names of anionic dyes employed as model compounds are depicted in Fig. 3.88. RP-HPLC separations were performed in an ODS column (100 X 3 mm i.d. particla size 5 pm). The flow rate was 0.7 ml/min and dyes were detected at 500 nm. A heated nitrogen flow (200°C, 3 bar) was employed for spraying the effluent and for evaporating the solvent. Silica and alumina TLC plates were applied as deposition substrates they were moved at a speed of 2 mm/min. Solvents A and B were ammonium acetate-acetic acid buffer (pH = 4.7) containing 25 mM tributylammonium nitrate (TBAN03) and methanol, respectively. The baseline separation of anionic dyes is illustrated in Fig. 3.89. It was established that the limits of identification of the deposited dyes were 10 - 20 ng corresponding to the injected concentrations of 5 - 10 /ig/ml. It was further stated that the combined HPLC-(TLC)-SERRS technique makes possible the safe identification of anionic dyes [150],... 

R.M. Seifar, M.A.F. Altelaar, RJ. Dijkstra, F. Ariese, U.A. Th. Brinkman and C. Gooijer, Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) as an identification tool in column liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem., 72 (2000) 5718-5724. 

SERRS surface enhanced resonance Raman TEA target factor analysis... 

Probing Metalloproteins Electronic absorption spectroscopy of copper proteins, 226, 1 electronic absorption spectroscopy of nonheme iron proteins, 226, 33 cobalt as probe and label of proteins, 226, 52 biochemical and spectroscopic probes of mercury(ii) coordination environments in proteins, 226, 71 low-temperature optical spectroscopy metalloprotein structure and dynamics, 226, 97 nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, 226, 119 nanosecond time-resolved absorption and polarization dichroism spectroscopies, 226, 147 real-time spectroscopic techniques for probing conformational dynamics of heme proteins, 226, 177 variable-temperature magnetic circular dichroism, 226, 199 linear dichroism, 226, 232 infrared spectroscopy, 226, 259 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 226, 289 infrared circular dichroism, 226, 306 Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy, 226, 319 protein structure from ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy, 226, 374 single-crystal micro-Raman spectroscopy, 226, 397 nanosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy, 226, 409 techniques for obtaining resonance Raman spectra of metalloproteins, 226, 431 Raman optical activity, 226, 470 surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering, 226, 482 luminescence... 

Another method for assaying the activity and stereoselectivity of enzymes at in vitro concentrations is based on surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) using silver nanoparticles (116). Turnover of a substrate leads to the release of a surface targeting dye, which is detected by SERRS. In a model study, lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of a dye-labeled chiral ester was investigated. It is currently unclear how precise the method is when identifying mutants which lead to E values higher than 10. The assay appears to be well suited as a pre-test for activity. 

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectra were observed from dye molecules spaced as distant as six spacer increments (ca. 16 nm = 16 A) from the silver surface. These studies suggested that an electromagnetic mechanism is operative in this assembly in contradistinction to a chemical mechanism that would require direct contact between the Raman-active species and the metal surface. These studies are of relevance in the study of chromophoric species in biological membranes (e.g., enzymes, redox proteins, and chlorophylls). 

Li et al. have performed a comparative study on the surface-enhanced resonance hyper-Raman scattering and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of dyes adsorbed on Ag electrode and Ag colloid [210]. 

Electrochemical, SERS, and surface enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) studies of the reduction of methylene blue on silver electrode have been published by Nicolai et al. [230, 231]... 

The 10 11 M solution used for emission had an average of just 10 analyte molecules in the volume probed by the 514-nm excitation laser. [From Pj. G. Goulet, N.P.W. Pleczonka, and R. F. Aroca, "Overtones and Combinations in Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering Spectra," Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 1918.]... 

S S CONTENTS Preface, C. Allen Bush. Methods in Macromo-lecular Crystallography, Andrew J. Howard and Thomas L. Poulos. Circular Dichroism and Conformation of Unordered Polypeptides, Robert W. Woody. Luminescence Studies with Horse Liver Dehydrogenase Information on the Structure, Dynamics, Transitions and Interactions of this Enzyme, Maurice R. Eftink. Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering (SERRS) Spectroscopy A Probe of Biomolecular Structure and Bonding at Surfaces, Therese M. Cotton, Jae-Ho Kim and Randall E. Holt. Three-Dimensional Conformations of Complex Carbohydrates, C. Allen Bush and Perse-veranda Cagas. Index. 

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) has also been achieved using silver colloid aggregates produced in situ in the chip. This method was used to detect an azo dye, 5-(2,-methyl-3,5,-dinitrophenylazo)quinolin-8-ol, which is a derivative of the explosive, TNT. With this method, it was possible to detect 10 iL of 10 9 M dye (or 10 fmol). This represented a 20-fold increase in sensitivity over that achieved using a macro flow cell [739]. 

Moore et al. [419] used surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering to detect the activity of hydrolases at ultralow levels. The method was used to rapidly screen the relative activities and enantioselectivities of 14 enzymes including lipases, esterases and proteases. In the current format, the sensitivity of this technique was sufficient to detect 500 enzyme molecules, thus offering the potential to... 

Ni F, Thomas L, Cotton TM. 1989. Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy as an ancillary high-performance liquid chromatography detector for nitrophenol compounds. Anal Chem 61 888-894. 

Since stationary electrodes are employed in most SERS experiments, a relatively small number of adsorbed molecules are continuously irradiated by laser beams. When exciting lines are within strong absorption bands of the adsorbed species, surface-enhancement resonance Raman spectra (SERRS) are obtained. However, this may lead to decomposition of such species due to local heating. Use of a cylindrical rotating electrode can circumvent this problem (57). 

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