Raman scattering hyper

Cho M 1997 Off-resonant coherent hyper-Raman scattering spectroscopy J. Chem. Phys. 106 7550-7... 

Ziegler L D and Roebber J L 1987 Resonance hyper-Raman scattering of ammonia Chem. Phys. Lett. 136 377-82... 

Ohung Y 0 and Ziegler L D 1988 The vibronic theory of resonance hyper-Raman scattering J. Chem. Phys. 88 7287-94... 

Golab J T, Sprague J R, Oarron K T, Schatz G 0 and Van Duyne R P 1988 A surface enhanced hyper-Raman scattering study of pyridine adsorbed onto silver experiment and theory J. Chem. Phys. 88 7942-51... 

Kneipp K, Kneipp H and Seifert F 1994 Near-infrared excitation profile study of surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering and surface-enhanced Raman scattering by means of tunable mode-locked... 

Hyper Raman scattering is at a wavenumber 2vq v r, where Vq is the wavenumber of the exciting radiation and —v r and +V[jr are the Stokes and anti-Stokes hyper Raman displacements, respectively. The hyper Raman scattering is well separated from the Raman scattering, which is centred on Vq, but is extremely weak, even with a 0-switched laser. 

The selection mles for molecular vibrations involved in hyper Raman scattering are summarized by... 

Similarly, the first-order expansion of the p° and a of Eq. (5.1) is, respectively, responsible for IR absorption and Raman scattering. According to the parity, one can easily understand that selection mles for hyper-Raman scattering are rather similar to those for IR [17,18]. Moreover, some of the silent modes, which are IR- and Raman-inactive vibrational modes, can be allowed in hyper-Raman scattering because of the nonlinearity. Incidentally, hyper-Raman-active modes and Raman-active modes are mutually exclusive in centrosymmetric molecules. Similar to Raman spectroscopy, hyper-Raman spectroscopy is feasible by visible excitation. Therefore, hyper-Raman spectroscopy can, in principle, be used as an alternative for IR spectroscopy, especially in IR-opaque media such as an aqueous solution [103]. Moreover, its spatial resolution, caused by the diffraction limit, is expected to be much better than IR microscopy. 

The hyper-Raman scattering cross section is extremely small, typically of the order of 10 cm per molecule [24]. Therefore, an enhancement of signal intensity is essential in order to utilize this phenomenon as a practical spectroscopic tool in the field of molecular science. In a similar marmer to the enhancement of Raman scattering... 

Ina similarmarmerto surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhancement of hyper-Raman scattering is a promising method to study adsorbed molecules on metal surfaces [24]. Based on recent developments in plasmonics, design and fabrication of metal substrates with high enhancement activities is now becoming possible [21]. Combination of the surface enhancement with the electronic resonances would also be helpful for the practical use of hyper-Raman spectroscopy. Development of enhanced hyper-Raman spectroscopy is awaited for the study of solid/liquid interfaces. 

The background of hyper-Raman scattering has been described and several enhancement mechanisms presented. Unique features of hyper-Raman scattering have been demonstrated for Ceo-... 

Here we have described two second-order non-linear spectroscopies, SFG in detail and hyper-Raman scattering briefly. 

The background of hyper-Raman scattering was described, several enhancement mechanisms were presented, and the unique features of hyper-Raman scattering were demonstrated for Cgo-... 

Ikeda, K., Saito, Y, Hayazawa, N., Kawata, S. and Uosaki, K. (2007) Resonant hyper-Raman scattering from carbon nanotuhes. Chem. Phys. Lett., 438, 109-112. 

Ikeda, K and Uosaki, K (2008) Resonance hyper-Raman scattering of fullerene C o microcrystals./. Phys. Chem. A., 112, 790-793. 

Kneipp, J., Kneipp, H. and Kneipp, K (2006) Two-photon vibrational spectroscopy for hiosdences based on surface-enhanced hyper-Raman scattering. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 103, 17149-17153. 

Denisov, V. N., Mavrin, B. N. and Podobedov, V. B. (1987) Hyper-Raman scattering by vibrational excitations in crystals, glasses and liquids. Phys. Rep., 151, 1-92. 

Mizuno, M., Hamaguchi, H. and Tahara, T. (2002) Observation of resonance hyper-Raman scattering of all-trans-retinal. 

The SH intensity is proportional to P 2. Experimentally, the oscillatory part of the total SH is so small that one can ignore its second-order term. If coherent surface phonons are created by ISRS, the whole process including excitation and detection is the coherent time-domain analogue of stimulated hyper Raman scattering (y(4) process) [14]. The cross section of the SHG process is then proportional to the product of a Raman tensor in the pump transition and a hyper-Raman tensor dx k/dQn in the probe transition. 

The temperature dependencies of the soft mode frequency (closed symbols) and spectral linewidths (open symbols) in ST016, ST018-23, and ST018-32 are presented in Fig. 17a-c [27]. The crosses in Fig. 17a denote the temperature dependence of the soft mode frequency observed by hyper-Raman scattering. The results shown in Fig. 17 clearly indicate a decrease in... 

Fig. 17 Temperature dependencies of the mode observed in ST016 closed circles), STO 18-23 closed squares), and STO 18-32 closed triangles) observed in the scattering geometry x yy)-x. Crosses indicate the results for STO 16 obtained by the hyper-Raman scattering experiment. The corresponding open symbols denotes the half-width at half maximum of the soft u mode spectrum of each specimen [27]...

FIGURE 10.17 Energy diagram of IR absorption, Raman scattering, and hyper-Raman scattering. 

Ikeda, K., Takase, M., Sawai, Y, Nabika, H., Murakoshi, K., and Uosaki, K. 2007. Hyper-Raman scattering enhanced by anisotropic dimer plasmons on artiflcial nanostructures. J. Chem. Phys. 127 111103. 

Li et al. have performed a comparative study on the surface-enhanced resonance hyper-Raman scattering and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of dyes adsorbed on Ag electrode and Ag colloid [210]. 

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