Supply stock control

C. Conservation of limited supplies requires efficient stock control procedures. Modem automatic data processing systems can achieve the necessary degree of control when properly used. However, when automatic data processing equipment is employed, consideration must be given to the establishment of protected sites, alternate facilities, and hardening to reduce vulnerability. Only a limited number of computer facilities will be available, and their protection is essential. Their practicability in theaters of operation has not been demonstrated. 

The base-stock control model relates to a queueing model as follows. Consider the case of demand in single units mentioned above. (Batch demand will be discussed below in Section 2.3.) Let each unit of demand correspond to a job arrived to the queue. Each unit of demand, on arrival, is supplied by the on-hand inventory or, in the stock-out situation, joins a back-order queue. Regardless, however, a replenishment/production order is triggered. 

Now consider an inventory/distribution network, also known as a supply chain. Each node in the network represents a stocking location. Suppose a base-stock control policy is followed at each node. With the discussion above, we can adapt the standard decomposition approach in analyzing queueing networks to study this inventory network. 

To be specific, focus on a p icular node,y, in the network. Suppose nodey has a single upstream node i, which supplies any replenishment orders from j. Since base-stock control is followed throughout the network, each node is driven directly by the external demand process, which we continue to assume to be a Poisson process with rate A. 

Ettl, M., Feigin, G., Lin, G. Y., and Yao, D. D. (2000), A Supply Network Model with Base-Stock Control and Service Requirements, Operations Research (forthcoming). 

Breeder seed. This seed is controlled by the breeder who Is responsible for maintaining varietal purity as well as supplying stocks to foundation seed growers. On occasion it has been possible for breeders to make minor improvements in varieties by reselectlon of breeders seed. 

These techniques have been developed to support more accurate stock control in line with anticipated levels of supply and demand. Economic order quantity (EOQ) provides a measure for bought-in supplies, attempting to ensure replenishment as appropriate ... 

Procurement of items must be at the most appropriate level in order to obtain the best value for money while ensuring the quality of the product and the supply chain. This level will vary according to local/national policies. It will include consideration of the most appropriate Stock Turn for the individual items. A Stock Turn is the rate at which a company s goods are sold and replaced. With main fine stock there should be a turnover of around five or six times a year. However in pharmacies there are a number of medicines which require different considerations when applying stock control principals. The medicines in these categories may never be used but it is essential to have them available if needed. Therefore, for these medicines the concept of a Stock Turn will not apply. However, if possible. 

In August of 1944, the Army Service Forces promised an adequate stock of spare parts within the next six months. Also in August the theater formulated, and in September put into practice, an individual CWS NATOUSA spare parts policy, concentrating supply and control of spare parts in Peninsular and Delta Base Sections. But, as the investigations of a CWS spare parts team from December 1944 to February i94J demonstrated, the Mediterranean theater CWS never reached the goal of adequate parts stockage. ... 

After issuance of this document generally referred to as the McNarney directive, the ASF set up a system aimed at closer co-ordination of the various phases of procurement and distribution. Known as the Supply Control System, it was formally announced in ASF Circular 67, 7 March 1944. Its aims were summarized as follows by the Requirements and Stock Control Division, ASF, at the time the system was being put into operation ... 

Memo, Reqmts and Stock Control Div, ASF, sub The Supply Control System. Reqmts and Stock Control Div ASF File. 

Another move to improve the spare parts situation came with the inauguration of the Supply Control System. In order to analyze the stock control position of each of the 10,000 CW parts, it was necessary to scrutinize carefully their procurement and supply status. To obtain the necessary data on spare parts as well as on end items, the Materiel Planning Branch was assigned the mission of collating the Stock Status reports and the monthly procurement reports. 

The tentative stock control manual stipulated that the new system was to go into effect by 1 June 1943. It provided that each post, camp, and station as of that date would have an established supply level based on the actual needs of troop units. This level in most cases was first established as a 90-day level, a figure which fluctuated from time to time. All stocks above the established level were to be declared excess and returned to the depots. Stock levels were also established for the depots. Much co-operation was necessary among the commanding officers of the headquarters of the technical services, the headquarters of the service commands, the depots, and the post supply officers in order to fix accurate stock levels, but this objective was gradually accomplished. ... 

An important feature of the new stock control system was the scheduled requisitioning of supplies. Troop units sent their requisitions to the post supply officer who in turn presented his requisitions to the depot on a standard form and according to a fixed schedule. This innovation helped to prevent alternate periods of peak and slack activity in the depots. Station supply officers kept the chiefs of the technical services informed on the stock status of their particular stations and in that way the volume of stock to be maintained at the depots was gauged. ... 

Though the stock control system led to marked improvement in the issue of items, a serious deficiency in the distribution system still remained. That deficiency was failure to control the flow of materials from production lines to the depots. "That, said General Lutes after the close of World War II, "is an excellent illustration of one of the most important lessons about Army supply that is, that the supply process is an individual entity and cannot be broken down into un-co-ordinated phases such as production, stock control, and distribution. With the advent of the supply control system in the Army in the spring of 1944 came a concerted effort to co-ordinate the various phases of the supply process. ... 

Products are designed with an excessive number of component parts which in addition to the cost of these parts adds to the cost of supply and stock control. 

Not only the buildings themselves, but an allowance for equipment and stocks within the buildings must be included in the cost estimates, such as maintenance shop power equipment, control laboratory analytical equipment and reagents and, largest of all, the thousands of warehouse equipment spares, fittings, and supplies. For feasibility cost estimates, such items are factored from experience. 

When solution must be pumped, consideration should be given to use of holding tanks between the dry feed system and feed pumps, and the solution water supply should be controlled to prevent excessive dilution. The dry feeders may be started and stopped by tank level probes. Variable-control metering pumps can then transfer the alum stock solution to the point of application without further dilution. Means should be provided for calibration of the chemical feeders. Volumetric feeders may be mounted on platform scales. Belt feeders should include a sample chute and box to catch samples for checking actual delivery with set delivery. Gravimetric feeders are usually furnished with totalizers only. Remote instrumentation is frequently used with gravimetric equipment, but seldom used with volumetric equipment. 

A numerically controlled filament winder has been designed and constructed. The distance between the head-stock and tail-stock is six feet. Clearance between the centers emd the body of the winder is adjustable, but a specimen several feet in diameter could presently be fabricated. The mandrel and carriage are each driven by one horsepower, direct current motors with a maximum 2000 revolutions per minute. Three phase, 480 volt alternating current is transformed to a 90 volt, direct current power supply. A gear... 

Biotinylation may be done before or after liposome formation, but having a stock supply of biotin-modified PE is an advantage, since it can then be used to test a number of liposomal recipes. In addition, only a very small percent of the total lipid should be biotinylated to prevent avidin-induced aggregation in the absence of antigen. It is difficult to control precisely... 

In general, supply chain simulation can be used along the lifecycle of supply chains, that is from supply chain design to support of supply chain operation. In supply chain design, simulation models can support supply network design (decisions on the location, ramp up or shutdown of production or warehousing sites) as well as the adjustment of control parameters such as safety stock at different... 

Secondly, there is variable expenditure (production, recurrent, working or operating costs) which includes the costs of supplies and stocks of raw materials, emphasising the need for efficient monitoring of the mass-balance of the process, energy, labour and overheads. Overheads include direct overheads such as rates, insurance, administrative staff etc. and indirect overheads such as a share in head office salaries and upkeep. This is an important distinction because whereas local management can have little direct influence in overheads costs and capital and utility expenses, they can have a big control over variable expenditure. 

Large amounts of cocaine are found virtually everywhere in the country, so it is remarkable that adult annual cocaine use prevalence is only 0.8 per cent of the population age 18-65, more than twice the global average, though less than a third of that in the USA. This indicates high levels of control over the cocaine supply. As is the case in many agriculture-exporting countries, export stock is not widely consumed locally. 

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