Supercritical carbon dioxide solubilities

Keywords Supercritical carbon dioxide Solubility measurement Homogeneous catalysis Multi-phase catalysis Hydroformylation... 

Engelhardt, H.L. and Jurs, P.C. (1997). Prediction of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solubility of Organic Compounds from Molecular Structure. J.Chem.Inf.Comput.Sci.,37,478-484. 

Englehart HL, Jurs PC. Prediction of supercritical carbon dioxide solubility of organic compounds from molecular structure. J Chem Inf Comput Sci 1997 37 478-484. 

Figure 8.3 Molecular structure and supercritical carbon dioxide solubility of six...

Previous studies have shown that fatty acids are quite soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide. Solubility levels of 1 to 10% are easily obtained for fatty acids, triglycerides, and esters in CO2. In addition, several previous patents exist for the extraction of fatty materials using supercritical fluids. Therefore, a process which uses supercritical CO2 for the extraction of fatty acids from spent nickel catalyst should be successful. 

U Kreher, S Schebesta, K Walther. Organometalhcs of transition metals in supercritical carbon dioxide solubilities, reactions, catalysis. Z Anorg Allg Chem 624 602-612, 1998. 

THE EFFECT OF PROTON-DONATING MODEFIER ON THE SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF TRIS(p-DIKETONATO) CHROMIUM(HI) IN SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE... 

In some cases, the solids themselves are subjected to extraction by a solvent. For example, in one process used to decaffeinate coffee, the coffee beans are mixed with activated charcoal and a high-pressure stream of supercritical carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide at high pressure and above its critical temperature) is passed over them at approximately 90°C. A supercritical solvent is a highly mobile fluid with a very low viscosity. The carbon dioxide removes the soluble caffeine preferentially without extracting the flavoring agents and evaporates without leaving a harmful residue. 

Experimental data [36] on the effect of temperature and pressure on the supercritical solubility of adamantane in dense (supercritical) carbon dioxide gas is reported in Fig.9. 

Figure 10. Effect of temperature and supercritical solvent density on solubility of adamantane (in units of mole fraction) in dense (supercritical) carbon dioxide. Data of isotherm at 333 K is from Ref. [35]. Data of isotherms at 343 K, 362.5 K, 382 K, and 402 K are from Ref. [37].

Topal, U. et al.. Extraction of lycopene from tomato skin with supercritical carbon dioxide effect of operating conditions and solubility analysis, J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 5604, 2006. 

Gomez-Prieto MS, Caja MM and Santa-Maria G. 2002. Solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide of the predominant carotenes in tomato skin. J Am Oil Chem Soc 79(9) 897—902. 

Gujlii-Ustundag O and Temelli F. 2004. Correlating the solubility behavior of minor lipid components in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 31(3) 227-234. 

Li S, Varadarajan GS and Stanley H. 1991. Solubilities of theobromine and caffeine in supercritical carbon dioxide correlation with density-based models. Fluid Phase Equilib 68 263-280. 

Murga R, Sanz MT, Beltran S and Cabezas JL. 2002. Solubility of some phenolic compounds contained in grape seeds in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids 23(2) 113-121. 

Amorphous fluoropolymers have many applications in the areas of advanced materials where they are used in applications requiring thermal and chemical resistance. Their manufacture is hindered by their low solubility in many solvents. Many fluoropolymerizations cannot be carried out in hydrocarbon solvents because the radical abstraction of hydrogen atoms leads to detrimental side reactions. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were thus commonly used, but their use is now strictly controlled due to their ozone depleting and greenhouse gas properties. Supercritical carbon dioxide is a very attractive alternative to CFCs and it has been shown that amorphous fluoropolymers can be synthesized by... 

Supercritical fluids also find application in the areas of pollution prevention and remediation, and supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a replacement solvent for many hazardous solvents in both extraction and separation processes and also as a reaction medium and in materials processing. Although carbon dioxide is considered as a greenhouse gas , there is actually no net increase in the amount of the gas if it is removed from the environment, used as the solvent instead of a hazardous substance, and returned to the environment. In this way, most of the uses of supercritical carbon dioxide may be considered as environmentally friendly. Because the solubilities of oils and greases in carbon dioxide are high, it is particularly suited to the cleaning of machinery 47 and, as discussed in the literature 48, it is used as a solvent in textile dyeing operations where it is used to treat any dye-laden... 

In laboratory-scale homogeneous catalysis applications, in the last decade further investigations have been carried out in which a less soluble organo-metallic catalyst system was utilized for metathesis reactions [46]. Under RCM-conditions, it was possible to convert substrates with functional groups that were problematic due to their potential to inactivate the rutheniiun catalyst here, the conversion in supercritical carbon dioxide avoids the protection of critical amino groups as an additional synthetic step. Consequently, it was possible to synthesize a number of carbo- and heterocyclic products with varying ring size (C4 to Cie). 

Curren, M.S. and Burk, R.C. Solubilities of acidic pesticides in water and liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide, 7 Chem. Eng. Data, 42(4) 727-730, 1997. 

Coimbra P, Blanco MR, Silva HSRC, Gil MH, de Sousa HC. (2006) Experimental determination and correlation of artemisinin s solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Chem Eng Data 51 1097-1104. 

Gong XY, Cao XJ. (2009) Measurement and correlation of solubility of artemisinin in supercritical carbon dioxide. Fluid Phase Equilibri 284 26-30. 

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