Sulphated alkylphenol ethoxylates

Alkyl sulphates Alkylether sulphates Sulphated alkanolamides (also sulphated ethoxylated derivatives) Monoglyceride sulphates Sulphated alkylphenol ethoxylates (typically R = C9H19-, n = 3 or more)... 

Alkyl sulphates, alkylether sulphates and sulphated alkylphenol ethoxylates... 

Other methods, states that the method can be used for ethoxylated alkanolamides. The method can be applied to the ethoxylates obtained by acid hydrolysis of alkylether sulphates and sulphated alkylphenol ethoxylates and subsequent extraction with chloroform or by deionisation. The chemical process is hydrolysis of the oxyethylene groups by nascent hydriodic acid, thermal decomposition of the ethylene di-iodide formed and titration of the iodine with thiosulphate. 

Polyglycol ethers Alkanolamides Alkyl ether sulphates Alkylbenzene sulphonates (amine salts) Alkylphenol ethoxylates Alkanolamides Alkylbenzene sulphonates (amine salts)... 

Figure 1.1 presents the consumption of the major surfactants in the world market in 1996. Along with soap, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS) remain the most bulky and cost-effective anionic surfactants. LAS will continue to be the workhorse of the detergents industry on a global basis. However, the LAS share decreases gradually their recess is occupied by alcohol-derived surfactants, first of all alcohol sulphates (AS), alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alcohol ether sulphates (AES). In West Europe alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE) have been removed over the last two decades from a large number of household applications in view of... 

Resin emulsifiers Alkylphenol ether sulphates Fatty alcohol ether sulphates Fatty alcohol ethoxylates Emulsifiers... 

In recent years considerable attention has been given to the biodegradability of polyethoxylates and the role of their structure in this process. In consequence, there has been a move away from multi-branched alkyl side-chain in the starting alkylphenolic raw material towards more linear chains, a circumstance already adopted in the use of kerylbenzenes for the manufacture of alkylaryl sulphonates. Another practice adopted has been that of sulphation of the terminal hydroxyl group in the polyalkoxylate. Recent studies on a comparison of ethoxylates derived from the natural alkenylphenol, cardanol and from nonylphenol have indicated a considerable difference in biodegradability (ref. 24). 

Under neutralisation of the sulphation/sulphonation product of ethoxylated alkylphenols with SO3, the use of moderately concentrated caustic soda yields sodium sulphate-sulphonates while the desulphation reaction proceeds smoothly when the acids are reacted with concentrated alkali [83],... 

For the evaluation of the foamability of a surfactant the bulk concentration is used at which the relative rate of foam collapse is equal to 50% of its formation (cw °). The cw ° values determined from foam formation isotherms of a number of products are given in Table 6.1. As it is seen, typical representatives of anionics (sodium dodecyl sulphate), cationics (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) and nonionics (ethoxylated alkylphenols) give bubble foams at very low concentrations, and the foam stability of ionic surfactants does not differ much from that of nonionics. For anionics, the highest concentrations are required for soaps of higher carboxylic acids. 

Alkyl sulphates yield the fatty alcohol. Alkylether and ethoxylated alkylphenol sulphates yield the ethoxylated alcohol and ethoxylated alkylphenol respectively. 

ISO 6843 [7] deals with the determination of the molecular weight of ethoxylated alcohol and alkylphenol sulphates in raw materials. It includes the following procedure for the extraction of active matter with a mixture of ethyl acetate and butan-l-ol in the ratio 9 1 by volume. This procedure is useful in itself and may be of more general use for extracting surfactants from aqueous solution. 

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