Chlorin acid

Mobihty has been reported to be mobile (Refs. 293 and 317) and minimal (318) in different studies. General draft method for deterrnination of chlorinated acids in water (310). 

Further, d-citronellal, the corresponding aldehyde, may be converted into citronellic acid through its oxime and nitrile. Citronellic acid, when treated with thionyl chloride in benzene solution, yields a chloride of a chlorinated acid which is converted by the action of alcohol into the hydrochloride of ethyl citronellate, or hydrochloride of ethyl rhodinate,... 

The pyrolysis of vinylidene chloride produced a range of chlorinated aromatic compounds including polychlorinated benzenes, styrenes, and naphthalenes (Yasahura and Morita 1988), and a series of chlorinated acids including chlorobenzoic acids has been identified in emissions from a municipal incinerator (Mowrer and Nordin 1987). 

Rev Chlorinated Acids Using Determination of Chlorinated Acids... 

Emits chlorinated acids when incinerated (Sittig, 1985). 

The experimental first-order decay rate for pentachlorobenzene in an aqueous solution containing a nonionic surfactant micelle (Brij 58, a polyoxyethylene cetyl ether) and illuminated by a photoreactor equipped with 253.7-nm monochromatic UV lamp is 1.47 x lO Vsec. The corresponding half-life is 47 sec. Photoproducts reported include all tetra-, tri-, and dichlorobenzenes, chlorobenzene, benzene, phenol, hydrogen, and chloride ions (Chu and Jafvert, 1994). Chemical/Physical. Emits toxic chlorinated acids and phosphene when incinerated (Sittig,... 

Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Drinking Water by Liquid-Liquid Microextraction, Derivatization, and Fast... 

Determination of Chlorinated Acids in Water using LSE and GC with an ECD... 

Ohaeaetw.—Chlorine acta on acetic acid in sunlight, pro-duoing three chlorinated acids, in which chlorine is substituted for hydrogen —... 

Apparently the only previous case of the isolation of a chlorinated acid from a haloform reaction is that reported by Arnold et al. [8], who acidified the reaction mixture before decomposition of the excess hypochlorite. (Even though we decomposed the excess hypochlorite before acidification, the unchlorinated acid was not obtained.) These authors [8] also obtained an ester as the product of the haloform reaction. It seems likely that conditions for performing the haloform reaction can be found which will make the one-step conversion of a methyl ketone to the ester of the corresponding acid a general reaction. ... 

In order to reduce the potential for corrosion, chlorine/acid acceptors or scavengers are generally added in low levels, typically in the range of 0.01-5.00%, to the dry polymer during polymerization... 

Starting from 2-thienylacrylic acid (244), thionyl chloride and pyridine, the chlorinated thieno[3,2-6]thiophene derivative (245) was formed along with the more highly chlorinated product (246), which was isolated as its methyl ester (247 Scheme 83). In refluxing toluene or chlorobenzene, product (245) was not observed and only the ring-chlorinated acid chloride (246) was isolated in 13% yield. A number of analogs were prepared via this reaction <76AHC(19)123). 

SFE/derivatization of several chlorinated acid pesticides (those listed in EPA method 515.1) have been performed using conditions similar to those used for the bacterial phospholipids. The derivatized products from the SFE procedure for several representative organics are shown in Figure 6. As would be expected using the TMPA/methanol reagent, the carboxylic acids form the methyl esters (2,4-D and dicamba) while the phenols form the methyl ethers (pentachlorophenol). Esters of the carboxylic acids (e.g., the di-isopropyl amine ester of 2,4-D) also form the methyl esters. For ethers, two derivatized products resulted since the ether linkage could be cleaved on either side of the oxygen and methylated as shown by acifluorfen. 

Onodera et al. [8] examined the applicability of isotachophoresis to the identification and determination of chlorinated mono- and dicarboxylic acids in chlorinated effluents. Four electrolyte systems for the separation of acids were evaluated. The potential unit values in each system were determined for the chlorinated acids. A mechanism for the reaction of phenol with hypochlorite in dilute aqueous solutions is suggested, based on results from the isotachophoretic analysis of diethyl ether extracts taken from phenol treated with hypochlorite. 

Tims, if we do nol add 11,0, we can isolate (lie a-chlorinated acid chloride by treating butanoic acid with Cl, and PCI,. Butanoic acid is a permitted starting material. 

Waste characterized by the following elements i.e. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine would be oxidized in the presence of oxygen and water at temperatures above 374 °C and pressures above 221 bar in a batch-reactor to the following reaction products water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, phosphorus acid, sulphuric acid and chlorine acid. 

Another hypothesis for the generation of chlorine acids is related with the interaction of dissolved oxygen with water and CCI5 to produce phosgenium, which would then decompose to CO2 and CI2 at temperatures above 100°C [40]. 

Reactions involving OH- and H produced by water sonolysis may also yield chlorine acids from dissolved CCI4. However, this mechanism is less likely for the following reasons (1) the increased vapour pressure of CCI4 favours diffusion of these molecules into bubble cavities, (2) the energy needed to break a C-CI bond (73 kcal/mol) is lower than that for an 0-H bond in water (119 kcal/mol). Thus, aqueous solutions saturated with CCI4 that are sonicated for tens of seconds contain oxidant species such as those from reactions 7.2-7.4, or even CI2 formed as follows ... 

The nomenclature of acids is well illustrated by the series of chlorine acids —... 

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