Suitable Textile Constructions

Many times the end user will not have aU items specified, and it is up to the textile engineer to understand the composite part requirements to recommend a suitable preform construction. In particular, the fiber linear density is a variable that needs close review by the textile engineer. For high-performance composite applications, the composite design engineer may specify fine denier fibers that exceed the Jacquard s capacity or worst yet, are physically impossible to weave. If there is a problem with the customer s supplied specificati(Mi(s), the textile engineer must find a solution, often making compromises between performance and manufacturability. 

A rather broad definition proposed by the ACI 549.2R-04 for ferrocement is A type of thin wall reinforced concrete constructed of hydraulic cement mortar reinforced with closely spaced layers of continuous and relatively small wire diameter mesh. The mesh may be made of metallic or other suitable materials. In this definition all kinds of non-metallic meshes are included, as well as fabrics and mats made with non-metallic fibres that are treated as textile reinforcement. 

The primary class is seen also as the ultra-cleaned material. Cut lengths can be from 13 mm to 152 mm long, and can be suitably converted into nonwovens, woven textiles and composites products for the automotive, furniture, and construction industries. The secondary and very short fibre classes are general purpose grades having 50-70% cleaned fibre. These are used for hydro mulch, as cement fillers, in insulation and for geo-matting. 

Medical textiles are classified in Scheme 6.1. This scheme detailing constituents of various polymeric substances (eg, natural or synthetic) and their construction processes as outlined in the previous section is important in defining medical textiles aptly. Similarly, testing the properties and performance of medical textiles with suitable methods under accredited standards is essential. Thus, it is worthwhile to adequately describe all test methods, performance testing features, results analysis, and presentation guidelines of test results prior to marketing and commercialization of a device or product. This is done so that care and quality assurance of medical textiles will be documented appropriately, which benefits users. 

The principal route to obtain cellulose derivatives is the esterification or etherification reactions. These products form a large and well established industry and are used in pharmaceuticals, food, personal care, construction, oil field chemicals, textiles, adhesives, inks, paper and coating, among several others. Additional to their extensive use as polymer materials, cellulose esters and ethers frequently serve as suitable starting materials for consecutive synthetic routes. This leads to one of the trends of modem cellulose chemistry, which is the functionalization of known cellulose derivatives in order to expand their application area (Wiistenberg 2014). 

Mineral textiles contribute higher performance properties to textiles from which they are composed. Basalt and asbestos fibers, for example, have resiliencies suited for textile-type sheetings, flame-resistant blankets, and stage curtains. Silica-based (glass) fibers offer strong reinforcement properties, making them suitable for flame-retardant and protective textiles, such as in spacesuit fabric constructions. Furthermore, metal fiber reinforcements are useful as a weave of steel wire for concrete reinforcement in construction. 

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