Substrate Surface Modification

Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate 99 (SA) PGMEA 

The cleaned and silanized substrates were selectively patterned by photolithography using an electrically insulating photoresist [49]. A thin SU-8 2000.5 photoresist layer was spun at 6,000 rpm, soft-baked, exposed using a MJB4 mask aligner (60-80 mJcm ), post-baked, and developed in PGMEA for 30 s [49]. The applied soft and post-bake procedure was as follows 1 min at 65 °C, 1 min at 92 °C, and 1 min at 65 °C. 

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Qiang W, Wang Y, He P, et al. (2008) Synthesis of asymmetric inoiganic/polymer nanocomposite particles vialocalized substrate surface modification and miniemulsion polymerization. Langmuir 24 606-608... 

Fig. 4.1 Preparation of mesoporous thin film polymer templates on suitable substrates, a Substrate surface modification tailoring a neutral surface, b Copolymer film deposition and phase transition to the double-gyroid morphology during thermal annealing, c Selective degradation of PLA yields the mesoporous template...

Substrate. Surface modifications were studied on tantalum pentoxide films deposited via physical vapor (ion plating)... 

Substrates. Surface modification by PLL-g-PEG was studied on metal oxide films. Nb206 and Ta20s were sputter coated... 

Often, the surface modification of biomedical devices is required to maximize performance. The surface can be modified in many ways, including plasma modification and application of coatings to the substrate. Surface modifications can be used to affect surface energy, cell adhesion, mechanical performance, chemical inertness, lubricity, degradation, bioactive agents release, and hydrophilicity. 

Vogt, Bryan D., Prabhu, Vivek M., Soles, Christopher L., Satija, Sushil K., Lin, Eric K., Wen-li, Wu Control of moisture at buried polymer/alumina interfaces through substrate surface modification. Langmuir 21, 2460 (2005)... 

Additives. Because of their versatility, imparted via chemical modification, the appHcations of ethyleneimine encompass the entire additive sector. The addition of PEI to PVC plastisols increases the adhesion of the coatings by selective adsorption at the substrate surface (410). PEI derivatives are also used as adhesion promoters in paper coating (411). The adducts formed from fatty alcohol epoxides and PEI are used as dispersants and emulsifiers (412). They are able to control the viscosity of dispersions, and thus faciHtate transport in pipe systems (413). Eatty acid derivatives of PEI are even able to control the viscosity of pigment dispersions (414). The high nitrogen content of PEIs has a flame-retardant effect. This property is used, in combination with phosphoms compounds, for providing wood panels (415), ceUulose (416), or polymer blends (417,418) with a flame-retardant finish. 

Surface Modification. Plasma surface modification can include surface cleaning, surface activation, heat treatments, and plasma polymerization. Surface cleaning and surface activation are usually performed for enhanced joining of materials (see Metal SURFACE TREATMENTS). Plasma heat treatments are not, however, limited to high temperature equiUbrium plasmas on metals. Heat treatments of organic materials are also possible. Plasma polymerization crosses the boundaries between surface modification and materials production by producing materials often not available by any other method. In many cases these new materials can be appHed directly to a substrate, thus modifying the substrate in a novel way. 

The chemical bonding theory of adhesion applied to silicones involves the formation of covalent bonds across an interface. This mechanism strongly depends on both the reactivity of the selected silicone cure system and the presence of reactive groups on the surface of the substrate. Some of the reactive groups that can be present in a silicone system have been discussed in Section 3.1. The silicone adhesive can be formulated so that there is an excess of these reactive groups, which can react with the substrate to form covalent bonds. It is also possible to enhance chemical bonding through the use of adhesion promoters or chemical modification of the substrate surface. 

Several environment-friendly surface preparation for the treatment of mbber soles with radiations have been recently studied. These treatments are clean (no chemicals or reactions by-products are produced) and fast, and furthermore online bonding at shoe factory can be produced, so the future trend in surface modification of substrates in shoe industry will be likely directed to the industrial application of those treatments. Corona discharge, low-pressure RF gas plasma, and ultraviolet (UV) treatments have been successfully used at laboratory scale to improve the adhesion of several sole materials in shoe industry. Recently, surface modification of SBR and TR by UV radiation has been industrially demonstrated in shoe industry... 

On the other hand, modification of substrate surfaces, especially semiconductor surfaces, has been an intensively... 

The improvement of its activity and stability has been approach by the use of GE tools (see Refs. [398] and [399], respectively). A process drawback is the fact that the oxidation of hydrophobic compounds in an organic solvent becomes limited by substrate partition between the active site of the enzyme and the bulk solvent [398], To provide the biocatalyst soluble with a hydrophobic active site access, keeping its solubility in organic solvents, a double chemical modification on horse heart cytochrome c has been performed [400,401], First, to increase the active-site hydrophobicity, a methyl esterification on the heme propionates was performed. Then, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used for a surface modification of the protein, yielding a protein-polymer conjugates that are soluble in organic solvents. 

Fig. 9 Surface modification of cells with ssDNA-PEG-lipid. (a) Real-time monitoring of PEG-lipid incorporation into a supported lipid membrane by SPR. (r) A suspension of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of egg yolk lecithin (70 pg/mL) was applied to a CH3-SAM surface. A PEG-lipid solution (100 pg/mL) was then applied, (ii) Three types of PEG-lipids were compared PEG-DMPE (C14), PEG-DPPE (C16), and PEG-DSPE (C18) with acyl chains of 14, 16, and 18 carbons, respectively, (b) Confocal laser scanning microscopic image of an CCRF-CEM cell displays immobilized FITC-oligo(dA)2o hybridized to membrane-incorporated oligo(dT)20-PEG-lipid. (c) SPR sensorigrams of interaction between oligo(dA)2o-urokinase and the oligo (dT)2o-PEG-lipid incorporated into the cell surface, (i) BSA solution was applied to block nonspecific sites on the oligo(dT)20-incorporated substrate, (ii) Oligo(dA)20-urokinase (solid line) or oligo(dT)20-urokinase (dotted line) was applied...

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