Submarine mine

It was used primarily in submarine mines. Because of the sensitivity of the fuse, the main charge was replaced with a mixt of powd graphite and MF. At about the same time, an Austrian, Gen von Ebner, independently invented a fuze resembling Abel s, but contg a priming mixt of Sb sulfide 44, K chlorate 44 and graphite 12%. Both of these fuzees replaced, in Europe, the Statham fuze, which had been in use since 1840... 

Materials with very narrow ESR lines (AHpp < 20 mG) can be used as small-volume and low-power magnetic sensors of great sensitivity. Such devices would have applications as submarine mine detectors, local terrestrial magnetic field detectors [65,66], and for the identification of objects with an added suitable paramagnetic substance [67]. 

Tri-nitro toluene cannot be exploded by a flame nor by heating in the open, and is only slightly decomposed by striking it a blow. It is best exploded by means of a detonator of fulminate of mercury. It is used for military purposes in shells, bombs and submarine mines. It also forms a constituent of many mixed explosives. It is about 5 per cent less powerful and also less violent and less sensitive than picric acid (p. 630), and does not form sensitive salts or other products under storage conditions as does the latter. A few examples may be given of mixed explosives made with tri-nitro toluene in which ammonium nitrate is used as an oxidizer. The presence of the nitrate weakens the power of the T.N.T , but the mixtures are not very sensitive and are adapted to military purposes and some of them to mine blasting. 

Other delivery systems included spray tanks, missiles, aerosol generators, drones, and marine mines. Of these, the submarine mine was one of the more covert forms of delivery. It was designed to be fired from a torpedo tube, to sink to the bottom for a specified period up to 2 hours, and then rise to the surface and expel about 42 L of agent. After dissemination of the agent, it scuttled itself.3,132... 

Superoxides have been useful in one type of rebreather system used in closed areas such as submarines, mines, and space vehicles. A rebreather or a closed circuit scuba system removes carbon dioxide and produces oxygen on an as-needed basis. There are a variety of these systems one uses a series of reactions using potassium superoxide as a primary component. The reaction is represented in Equation (12.21) ... 

From ships to submarines to mining the sea floor, certain plastics can survive sea environments, which are considered more hostile than those on earth or in space. For water-surface vehicles many different plastic products have been designed and used successfully in both fresh and the more hostile seawater. Figure 2-55 is an example where extensive use is made using unreinforced and reinforced plastics meeting structural and nonstructural product requirements. Included are compartments, electronic scanners, radomes, optically transparent devices, food storage and dispensing containers, medical products, buoyant devices, temperature insulators, and many more. 

Unfortunately tectonic situations of the regions other than Northeast Honshu of Neogene age are not well understood. However, it seems evident that even in the regions other than Northeast Honshu epithermal Au-Ag vein-type deposits formed when the uplift started and the area of land expanded. In addition to the paleontologic data, the country rocks of epithermal Au—Ag mine districts also suggest that epithermal Au-Ag vein-type deposits have formed under the subaeiial condition welded tuff occasionally occurs in the mine area (e.g., Sado, Nebazawa, Northeast Hokkaido) and in general submarine sedimentary rocks and volcanic rocks are poor or absent in the Au-Ag mine districts (e.g., epithermal An-Ag vein-type deposits in Kyushu). 

Urabe, T. and Sato, T. (1978) Kuroko deposits of the Kosaka mine. Northeast Honshu, Japan, Product of submarine hot-springs in Miocene sea floor. Econ. Geol, 73, 161-179. 

It is thought that submarine hydrothermal alteration of basalt took place in the Besshi-subtype mineralization area in Sanbagawa. However, no study on the hydrothermal alteration of basalt (basic schist) has been carried out and it is clearly necessary. The contact metamorphosed rocks and sulfide ores caused by Tertiary granitic intrusion are found in deeper part of the Besshi mine and Makimine mine (Tatsumi, 1952 Kase, 1972). 

AS No. 2 (optional) 0.001-0.01% d 1.7 vel of deton 5000 m/sec temp of expln-not given. To initiate hydrobel chges under high hydrostatic pressure, it is necessary to use a specially designed Cu tube submarine electric detonators Ref . McAdam Westwater Mining Explosives, Oliver Boyd, Edinburgh (1958), p 109 NOTE The compn of AS No 2 is not reported... 

Armi subacquee (Underwater Weapons). They include siluri (submarine torpedoes), bombe torpedini di profundita (depth bombs), mine subaquee (underwater mines), etc. Their teste (warheads) can have as bursting charge (carica esplosiva) Tritolital (TNT 60, RDX 20 A1 20%) Tritolito (RDX 40 or 60 incorporated in fused TNT 60 or 40%) or Torpex (RDX 44, TNT 38 A1 powder 18%) (Ref 31, p 382)... 

Contact Mines were generally spherical, with several lead, steel horns screwed into the mine case. Horns were of several types but the most common was a lead chemical horn, such as described above under Type JE Antiboat Land Mine. Some contact mines had a long copper wire antenna extending out of the top or bottom of the case. Should a steel ship touch the antenna while both were immersed in sea water, the mine would explode. Moored contact mines usually had some type of safety mechanism to render them inactive if they borke adrift, as well as devices to make sure the mines were safe while aboard the mine-laying ship, submarine, or plane (p 34) ... 

Type 96 Mine was ellipsoid in shape and contd 120 lbs of Type 88 or Type 97 Expl. It was reported to be attached to antisubmarine nets. The firing mechanism of mine was of the tension type which detonated the mine when an enemy s submarine fouled a panel of the net (pp 44—45, Fig 16)... 

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