Subject operation

For reasons discussed above, we needed a complementary, ancillary tool for comparison of the mass spectra of components from multiple urine samples. We desired that the procedure have several characteristics (1) requires little if any manual data entry by the operator (2) utilizes data automatically generated by ChemStation and organized into Microsoft Excel spreadsheets (3) displays both retention times and mass spectral data in the same window (4) minimizes subjective operator judgments and (5) is simple and rapid to use. What emerged after several iterative improvements are the FindPeak macros discussed below. These are largely due to the expertise of Y. Aubut, with valuable input from J. Eggert. 

The conventional methods of hardness testing for tablets also involve a subjective operator error. The scale on the Erweka hardness tester is divided into segments of 0.25 kg units. Very often, the sample under evaluation may produce a reading that falls between two divisions, and it is up to the operator to decide on the result. 

These marginal costing approaches to costing steam are unsatisfactory. Within operating companies, few subjects generate more controversy than the value placed on different steam levels. 

The most important point in the use of diesel fuel is its cold temperature behavior. The subject has been addressed previously because it directly affects the engine operation in winter conditions. 

Jet fuel is subject to particular attention in all operations that precede and accompany its use in accordance with the draconian air transport safety regulations (Anon., 1983). 

The main justification for diesel fuel desulfurization is related to particulate emissions which are subject to very strict rules. Part of the sulfur is transformed first into SO3, then into hydrated sulfuric acid on the filter designed to collect the particulates. Figure 5.21 gives an estimate of the variation of the particulate weights as a function of sulfur content of diesel fuel for heavy vehicles. The effect is greater when the test cycle contains more high temperature operating phases which favor the transformation of SO2 to SO3. This is particularly noticeable in the standard cycle used in Europe (ECE R49). 

The environmental performance of companies within the industry is normally subject to the legislative requirements of the host government, but is increasingly becoming scrutinised by the public, as available information and general levels of awareness increase. Major companies see responsible management of the environmental aspects of their operations as crucial to the future of their business. The approval of loans from major banks for project finance is usually conditional on acceptable environmental management. 

The basic aim of a decommissioning programme is to render all wells permanently safe and remove most, if not all, surface (or seabed) signs of production activity. How completely a site should be returned to its green field state, is a subject for discussion between government, operator and the public. 

Extend the safe useful operation life of major HT/HP power plant items, subject to time-dependent creep and thermal fatigue damage, with benefits in terms of delayed costs for component replacement. 

The first of them to determine the LMA quantitatively and the second - the LF qualitatively Of course, limit of sensitivity of the LF channel depends on the rope type and on its state very close because the LF are detected by signal pulses exceeding over a noise level. The level is less for new ropes (especially for the locked coil ropes) than for multi-strand ropes used (especially for the ropes corroded). Even if a skilled and experienced operator interprets a record, this cannot exclude possible errors completely because of the evaluation subjectivity. Moreover it takes a lot of time for the interpretation. Some of flaw detector producers understand the problem and are intended to develop new instruments using data processing by a computer [6]. 

The report contains also other information which needs to be performed according to the standard [7] date, rope indification, rope diameter and construction, length of rope examined, inspection speed etc. Thus, a user gets the document obtained without very long and subjective data processing by a skilled and experienced operator. 

In this case, no profound specialised knowledge is required for determination of the type of discontinuities. On the other hand, determination of the nature of damage using a regular flaw detector for manual UT, can be a complicated task for any flaw detection experts, in any case, its solution will require time and qualification of the operator, but. the presence of these conditions will not eliminate the subjective nature of the assessment. 

Due to the many vibrations of the operating reactor, the RCCA rods are subject to wear, creating loss of material, mainly at guide cards height. This loss of material ean be the cause of important problems for the functioning and safety of the plant. 

Gas flaring in offshore installations and oil refineries represents a source of loss of energy making it important to operators and authorities to monitor the amounts of flared gas. In some countries the flare gas is subject to CO2 tax. Flow metering systems are installed on some but not all flare systems. 

Various kinds of potentials have been referred to in the course of this and the preceding chapter, and their interrelation is the subject of the present section. The chief problem is that certain types of potential differences are physically meaningful in the sense that they are operationally defined, whereas others that may be spoken of more vaguely are really conceptual in nature and may not be definable experimentally. 

The relationship between tire abstract quantum-mechanical operators /4and the corresponding physical quantities A is the subject of the fourth postulate, which states ... 

The selection of the operating principle and the design of the calorimeter depends upon the nature of the process to be studied and on the experimental procedures required. Flowever, the type of calorimeter necessary to study a particular process is not unique and can depend upon subjective factors such as teclmical restrictions, resources, traditions of the laboratory and the inclinations of the researcher. 

Consequently, Eqs. (43) and (59) are identical, for applications in a 3D parameter space, except that the vector product in the former is expressed as a commutator in the latter. Both are computed as diagonal elements of combinations of strictly off-diagonal operators and both give gauge independent results. Equally, however, both are subject to the limitations with respect to the choice of surface for the final integration that are discussed in the sentence following Eq. (43). 

The appropriate quantum mechanical operator fomi of the phase has been the subject of numerous efforts. At present, one can only speak of the best approximate operator, and this also is the subject of debate. A personal historical account by Nieto of various operator definitions for the phase (and of its probability distribution) is in [27] and in companion articles, for example, [130-132] and others, that have appeared in Volume 48 of Physica Scripta T (1993), which is devoted to this subject. (For an introduction to the unitarity requirements placed on a phase operator, one can refer to [133]). In 1927, Dirac proposed a quantum mechanical operator tf), defined in terms of the creation and destruction operators [134], but London [135] showed that this is not Hermitean. (A further source is [136].) Another candidate, e is not unitary. 

However, this procedure depends on the existence of the matrix G(R) (or of any pure gauge) that predicates the expansion in Eq. (90) for a full electronic set. Operationally, this means the preselection of a full electionic set in Eq. (129). When the preselection is only to a partial, truncated electronic set, then the relaxation to the truncated nuclear set in Eq. (128) will not be complete. Instead, the now tmncated set in Eq. (128) will be subject to a YM force F. It is not our concern to fully describe the dynamics of the truncated set under a YM field, except to say (as we have already done above) that it is the expression of the residual interaction of the electronic system on the nuclear motion. 

Now, consider the case of spinless particles not subject to external electronic and magnetic fields. We may now choose the unitai7 operator U as the unit operator, that is, T = K. For the coordinate and momentum operators, one then obtains... 

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