Subject Interleukin

The sterols and sterolins in rice bran are potent immunomodulators. The best response was obtained with a 100 1 sterol/sterolin mixture that demonstrated T-cell proliferation from 20% to 920% and active cell antigens after four weeks in human subjects (Bouic et al, 1996). Another in vitro experimental study with sterol/sterolins, demonstrated a significant increase in cytokinines, interleukin-2 and y-interferon between 17% and 41 % in addition to an increase in natural killer cell activity. These experiments (Bouic et al, 1996) prove that sterol/sterolins are potent immunomodulators with important implications for the treatment of immune dysfunction. Rice bran products are excellent dietary supplements for the improvement of immune function. It is probable that the effects of rice bran on diabetes, CVD and cancer all result from improved immune function. 

In this new scenario much attention is being paid to the investigation of a series of markers of inflammation as reliable indicators of coronary risk. Their value is stressed by the observation that up to one third of events occurs in subjects without traditional risk factors. The C-reactive protein (CRP) seems to provide the strongest risk prediction for CHD in women (Albert 2000 Ridker 2001), although homocysteine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein (a) [ Lp (a) ], among others, have each been independently associated with increased risk for CHD in women (for a review see Davison and Davis 2003 Rader 2000). 

Parronchi P, De Carh M, Manetti R, Simonelh C, Piccinni MP, Macchia D, Maggi E, Del Prete G, Ricci M, Romagnani S Aberrant interleukin (ILJ-4 and IL-5 production in vitro by CD4+ helper T cells from atopic subjects. Eur J Immunol 1992 22 1615-1620. 

Bellinghausen I, Metz G, Enk AH, Christmann S, Knop J, Saloga J Insect venom immunotherapy induces interleukin-10 production and a Th2- to-Thl shift, and changes surface marker expression in venom-allergic subjects. Eur J Immunol 1997 27 1131-1139. 

Borish L, Aarons A, Rumbyrt J, Cvietusa P, Negri J, Wenzel S Interleukin-10 regulation in normal subjects and patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996 97 1288-1296. 

Anti-arthritic effect. Oral administration of AJA, a cannabinoid acid devoid of psychoactivity, reduced joint tissue damage in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) and synovial fluid monocytes (SFM) were isolated from healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory arthritis, respectively, treated with AJA (0-30 mM) in vitro, and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Cells were harvested for messenger RNA (mRNA), and supernatants were collected for cytokine assay. Addition of AJA to PBM and SFM in vitro reduced both steady-state levels of interleukin-ly (IL-ly) mRNA and secretion of IL-ly in a concentration-dependent manner. Suppression was maximal (50.4%) at 10 mM AJA (p < 0.05 vs untreated controls, n = 7). AJA did not influence tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) gene expression in or secretion from PBM . 

Rea IM, Ross OA, Armstrong M, McNerlan S, Alexander DH, Curran MD, Middleton D. Interleukin-6-gene C/G 174 polymorphism in nonagenarian and octogenarian subjects in the BELFAST study. Reciprocal effects on IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor and for IL-10 in serum and monocyte supernatants. Mech Agein Dev 2003 124 555-561. 

J. Garaud. 1999. Disposition of recombinant human interleukin-10 in subjects with various degrees of renal function. 

TCDD levels in the blood or the age of the person and the respective proliferative capacity of their lymphocytes. However, exposed subjects showed a reduced response to human lymphocyte antigen-allogeneic lymphocytes and interleukin-2-boosted proliferation. According to Tonn et al. (1996), this suppression is indicative of a reduced T-helper cell response, although the actual number of T-helper cells was not altered by 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The authors concluded that 2,3,7,8-TCDD immunosuppression is more likely mediated by a reduced functionality of individual cells rather than by a reduction in numbers of cells circulating in the blood. Tonn et al. (1996) further noted that the changes in immunocompetence observed did not correlate with obvious diseases related to severe immunodeficiency such as certain cancers and infections. 

Autoimmune diseases have been reported to be more frequent in human subjects treated with several recombinant cytokines [38], For instance, increased titers or the new occurrence of autoantibodies have been observed in hepatitis C patients treated with the recombinant interferons-alpha (IFNa). Quite a few clinical case reports describe the development of organ-specific as well as systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, insulin-dependent type I diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune thyroiditis in patients under IFNa therapy. Although the mechanism involved is not fully elucidated, the available data support the pathogenic potential of IFNa in autoimmunity [31]. In contrast, autoimmune effects associated with IFNp therapy are thought to be of lesser concern based on the current clinical evidence [38], Thyroid autoimmunity in contrast to other autoimmune diseases is frequent in patients treated with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2). Thus, among 281 previously euthyroid cancer patients treated with rIL-2, up to 41%... 

Aoyama K, UchidaT, Takanuki F, Usui T, Watanabe T, Higuchi S et.al. Pharmacokinetics of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) in healthy male subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997 43 571-8. 

Gan X, Zliang L, Newton T, Chang SL, Ling W, Bieimaui V, Berger O, Graves MC, Fiala M (1998) Cocaine infusion increases interferon-y and decreases interleukin-10 in cocaine-dependent subjects. Clin Immunol 89 181—190. 

Kerm, J.A., Lamb, RJ., Reed, J.C., Elias, J.A. and Daniele, RP. (1988). Interleukin-1-beta gene expression in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages from normal subjects and patients with sarcoidosis. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 137, 1180-1184. 

Moqbel, R, Lacy, P., Levi-Schafler, F., Manna, M., North, J., Gomperts, B. and Kay, A.B. (1995). Interleukin-6 as a granule-associated pre-formed mediator in peripheral blood eosinophils from asthmatic subjects. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med., in press. 

Sehmi, R, Wardlaw, A.J., Cromwell, O., Kurihara, K., Walt-mann, P. and Kay, A.B. (1992). Interleukin-5 selectively enhances the chemotactic response of eosinophils obtained from normal but not eosinophilic subjects. Blood 79, 2952-2959. 

In most cases, atorvastatin had no effect on interleukin levels following one year of treatment in AD subjects. Use of a repeated measures statistical analysis approach suggested that lL-3 and IL-13 were significantly increased in the atorvastatin treated AD subjects compared to placebo controls. IL-13 was first described as a T-cell antigen with anti-inflammatory activities that inhibit type-1 dominated cell-mediated immime responses [162]. IL-13 is functionally related to IL-4 with some distinct activities that have been reviewed in detail. Studies have shown that IL-13 has antitumor and... 

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