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Subdiscipline

Metallurgy includes not only the treatment of cmde ore and scrap, but also the processing of intermediates, ie, concentrates, and wastes, such as, slags, tailings, etc, for contained metal values. The various areas and subdisciplines comprising metallurgy may be summarized as follows ... [Pg.157]

As is standard in the development of subdisciplines, these fields arose from an intuitive perceived need. Nothing more than the ability to maintain a critical mass of jaarticipants adequately justifies the separations. Although the areas deal with different bodies of fact, this distinction is insufficient to justify a field. If it were, we might also have automotive economics or baseball economics. All involve application of economic principles to particular problems. Finding unifying analytic bases for separation is piroblematic. [Pg.459]

Besides the classical search for linear, one-dimensional electronically active materials, synthetic approaches are now also focussed on the generation and characterization of two- and three-dimensional structures, especially shape-persistent molecules with a well-defined size and geometry on a nanometer-scale. It is therefore timely and adequate to extend concepts of materials synthesis and processing to meet the needs defined by nanochcmislry since the latter is now emerging as a subdiscipline of material sciences. [Pg.31]

Over the last decade our view of chemistry has evolved substantially. Whereas individual researchers previously focused on specific areas of chemistry, such as inorganic, organic, etc. we now take a more holistic approach. Effective and efficient research projects now incorporate whatever aspects of the chemistry subdisciplines that are needed to complete the intended work. [Pg.178]

We assume that our readers have a background in science attainable by completing a university level course in introductory chemistry. We also expect our readers to be involved in one of the disciplines integral to the study of biogeochemical cycles. This includes appropriate subdisciplines of chemistry, biology, and geology, and the sciences that deal with soils, atmospheres, and oceans. [Pg.551]

In physics, fluid dynamics is a sub-discipline of fluid mechanics that deals with fluid flow —the natural science of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. It has several subdisciplines itself, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structure that underlies these practical disciplines, that embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from flow measurement and used to solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves calculating various properties of the fluid, such as velocity, pressure, density, viscosity and temperature, as functions of space and time. [Pg.93]

Immunoinformatics is a newly emergent subdiscipline within the informatic sciences that deals specifically with the unique problems of the immune system. Like bioinformatics, immunoinformatics complements, but never replaces, laboratory experimentation. It allows researchers to address, in a systematic manner, the most important questions in the still highly empirical world of immunology and vaccine discovery. [Pg.130]

Some have argued that computer ethics is a subdiscipline of applied ethics [5,13]. As such, examining other subdisciplines of applied ethics would prove fruitful to resolving issues that arise in computer ethics. For instance, Wong and Steinke [13] argue that computer ethics shares many similarities with medical ethics and business ethics. They suggest that the fields of medical ethics and business ethics can be useful as models for computer ethics. [Pg.717]

Proponents of the two positions just mentioned, that computer ethics is a subdiscipline of applied ethics and that computer ethics is a type of professional ethics, severely understate the case of computer ethics, according to others. Gorniak-Kocikowska [11], stating partial agreement with an earlier... [Pg.717]

It is customary to distinguish the following three subdisciplines in catalysis homogeneous, heterogeneous and bio catalysis. We illustrate each with an example. [Pg.5]

The impetus for this volume came from the symposium, and many of the presentations from that symposium are represented here as chapters or parts of chapters. To broaden the scope of this volume, other individuals were invited to contribute chapters relating to their own topic of interest. Our chief objective is to provide, for chemists, materials scien-tists/technologists, and the science and engineering community in general, an overview of this emerging new subdiscipline of chemistry. [Pg.14]

This volume of Topics in Current Chemistry aims to highlight major developments in the field and it shows the efforts of chemists from various subdisciplines of chemistry to design new dendritic molecules focusing on novel properties, functions, and potential applications. Hyperbranched/dendritic molecules containing silicon, phosphorus, and other elements are reported apart from hydrocarbon, carbohydrate and nucleic acid cascade molecules. [Pg.7]

Nevertheless, at its very fundamental core, there is a very deep and close connection between the two disciplines. How could it be otherwise Chemometric concepts and techniques are based on principles that were formulated by mathematicians hundreds of years ago, even before the label Statistics was applied to the subfield of Mathematics that deals with the behavior and effect of random numbers on data. Nevertheless, recognition of Statistics as a distinct subdiscipline of Mathematics also goes back a long way, certainly long before the term Chemometrics was coined to describe a subfield of that subfield. [Pg.471]

Carbenes form stable complexes with many metals in the periodic table of the elements, and gold is no exception. In fact, the chemistry of this class of organogold compounds for some time has been one of the fastest growing subdisciplines. While the corresponding chapters were still short in previous accounts,1 2 the inventory for this review is now particularly rich and diverse.230 As for other classes of carbene complexes, this upsurge is based on expectations for potential applications in various fields such as NLO materials, liquid crystalline phases, and catalysis. Where applicable, this is indicated for each of the entries in this chapter. [Pg.285]

Ensure that the traditional division of chemistry and chemical engineering into subdisciplines does not impede scientific and technological progress. [Pg.16]

Pharmacology may be described as the study of the properties of drugs and how they interact with/affect the body. Within this broad discipline exist (somewhat artificial) subdisciplines, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. [Pg.74]

The history of the Alchemical Society and the movement of occultists from the secret reaches of the Golden Dawn to the public arena of the Society can be understood as a case of boundary-work. But to what end, and for whose benefit The participation of established scientists with successful careers— including the Honorary President, John Ferguson, the Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, who remapped the chemistry department to include more modem subdisciplines—would seem to preclude the common scenario that Gieryn explores, in which scientists must demarcate science from nonscience to protect scientific turf. ... [Pg.197]

The field of stereochemistry serves as a unifying theme for the expanded definition and diversification of chemistry. The consequences of molecular and macromolecular shape and topology are central to issues of chemical reactivity, physical properties, and biological function. With that view, the importance of stereochemistry had never been greater, and it is hoped that this series will provide a forum for documentation of significant advances in all of these subdisciplines of chemistry. [Pg.612]

Mass spectrometry (MS) has traditionally played a major role in both the chemical and geological subdisciplines of oceanographic research, but more recently has been introduced into the field of biological oceanography. It has also been used to a limited extent in physical oceanography, primarily for carbon dating and ocean circulation experiments that use 14C tracers. The advent of in situ mass spectrometers... [Pg.235]

The paper of Parr and Bartolotti is prescient in many ways [1], It defines the shape function and describes its meaning. It notes the previously stated link to Levy s constrained search. It establishes the importance of the shape function in resolving ambiguous functional derivatives in the DFT approach to chemical reactivity—the subdiscipline of DFT that Parr has recently begun to call chemical DFT [6-9]. Indeed, until the recent resurgence of interest in the shape function, the Parr-Bartolotti paper was usually cited because of its elegant and incisive analysis of the electronic chemical potential [10],... [Pg.270]

An emerging subdiscipline of tribological simulation involves the study of tribochemical reactions—that is, reactions that are activated by pressure and shear. These reactions alter the structure of lubricants and films that are used to protect surfaces from wear. Understanding the effects of these reactions on the intended behavior of these films is of utmost importance. However, simulation studies of tribochemical reactions have been impeded by the difficulty in accurately describing changes in chemical bonding. In a limited number of cases, this can be achieved with the use of reactive FFs, as noted above, whereas in other cases, one must resort to expensive quantum chemical calculations. In this section, we will describe two studies where such methods were used to examine tribochemical reactions. [Pg.117]


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