Boundary-work

Boundary-Work, Border Crossings, and Trading Zones... 

Hess argues that such boundary-work can operate in complex and multiple ways ... 

My analysis shows not only how scientists engage in boundary-work to distinguish science from nonscience, but also how a variety of other groups construct boundaries (and consequently themselves as groups) not only with respect to more orthodox scientists and skeptics but with respect to each other. In short, scientific boundaries are recursive, nested, and multiple there are layers of scientificity that become clearer as one unfolds levels of skepticism and pseudo-scientificity both within and across discursive boundaries. Boundary-work therefore is going on in all directions, not just in the direction of orthodox science toward religion and pseudoscience. ... 

Occult engagements with atomic physics and chemistry exemplify the kind of boundary work that Hess elaborates, in which groups strategically attempt to manipulate layers of scientificity. Such a dynamic was at play in many late-nineteenth-century occult writings, including those of many Golden Dawn members. 

The history of the Alchemical Society and the movement of occultists from the secret reaches of the Golden Dawn to the public arena of the Society can be understood as a case of boundary-work. But to what end, and for whose benefit The participation of established scientists with successful careers— including the Honorary President, John Ferguson, the Regius Chair of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow, who remapped the chemistry department to include more modem subdisciplines—would seem to preclude the common scenario that Gieryn explores, in which scientists must demarcate science from nonscience to protect scientific turf. ... 

See Gieryn 1983, 784. Gieryn, a sociologist of science, has called such rhetorical efforts to solidify a superior intellectual position for science by demarcating it from the non or pseudoscientific boundary-work. ... 

Gieryn, Thomas F. 1983. Boundary-Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-Science Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists. The American Sociological Review 48 6 (December 1983) 781-95. 

Energy can cross the boundary of a system without mass transfer in either macroscopic form called work (W) or microscopic form called heat (Q). Boundary work is due to a pressure difference and causes a system volume displacement (d V). The boundary work of a process is given by the expression W = fpdV. On a p-V diagram, the boundary work of a process is the area underneath the process path. Heat is due to a temperature difference and causes a system entropy displacement (d5). The heat of a process is given by the expression Q = f TdS. On a T-S diagram, the heat of a process is the area underneath the process path. 

In short, the EMS was keenly interested in disinterestedness 45 The society s leadership pursued policies of conduct, scientific review, and public service that depended on and reinforced a strict division between the EMS as a scientific research organization and politics of various stripes—from environmental protest to the endorsement of particular testing protocols. The organization s public boundary work (Gieryn 1999), embodied most explicitly in the social service functions of EMIC, can be understood as an explicit attempt to establish a very distinct, unyielding, and publicly visible boundary around the EMS, EMIC, and, by extension, genetic toxicology. 

Gieryn, Thomas F. 1983. Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science Strains and interests in professional ideologies of scientists. American Sociological Review 48 781-795. 

A clearer interpretation of the boundary work may be obtained by neglecting convection and homogeneous dissipation and by focusing attention on a monochromatic wave field of frequency co. A boundary at which a rigid-wall condition (v n = 0) or an isobaric condition (p = 0) is exactly applicable clearly has

n = 0 and therefore no boundary work. For... 

The contribution of the boundary work or of radiation of acoustic energy through the boundary to the rate of amplification of the acoustic field within the chamber can be estimated more readily from equation (29) than from equation (15). Natural vibrational frequencies of sound in the chamber [see equation (9), for example] are on the order of a since Y is a characteristic chamber dimension. Therefore, equation (29)... 

The temperature outside the system boundary is ext- Fleat Q may cross the boundary, shaft work Wg/j may act through the boundary, and the boundary itself may be deformed by boundary work W. Material may enter the system through any number of feed streams a and leave through any number of discharge streams p. 

To obtain a computationally more viable form, we consider reversible changes (dSgg = 0) and combine the boundary work and shaft work into a total work term. 

Here, we have used the fact that a pure component chemical potential is merely the molar Gibbs energy (3.4.6). Now according to (3.7.9), 5Wf accounts for both the boundary work and the shaft work. Separating these two components in (3.7.21)... 

As in 3.7.3, we separate the total work into its boundary and shaft components, and use (3.7.25) for the boundary work. These manipulations give the shaft work as... 

Here, the boundary work is zero because V remains constant. Using the ideal-gas law and the chain rule, the middle term in (4.1.48) becomes XPTdN, = 0, so we have left... 

If we integrate the differential boundary work in (6.3.12) over the change from ideal gas to real substance, we obtain... 

So the residual volume is proportional to the reversible isothermal-isobaric boundary work associated with converting ideal gas into real substance. 

The direction of the heat transfer may be into or out of the system. Finally, analogous to (6.3.17), the boundary work for this process is... 

This indicates that the reversible boundary work for the process is proportional to the excess volume. Equations (6.3.22)-(6.3.24) satisfy the first law. Am = + Wj/, + q. 

Evaluate the reversible shaft work, the boundary work, and the heat effect when each of the following pure substances is converted isothermally-isobarically from an ideal gas into the real substance. 

In a terrorist attack, establish and have law enforcement secure scene boundaries (working zones). 

Born out of purely local initiative, the Societe chimique was soon able to attract many non-Parisians (including a large number of foreigners). The society s boundary-work consistently aimed at expanding its area of control beyond the metropolitan region and gaining authority over the entire French chemical landscape. Simultaneously, in order to reinforce its status as a national representative body, the society promoted its agenda on the international scene. 

If boundary-work generally involves the crossing, deconstructing and reconstructing of boundaries between one discipline and another, the same holds true... 

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