Studying location

The assessment of existing systems should provide all the information needed to select a candidate for the pilot study. Many of the competing criteria for choosing a pilot study location are discussed in the following paragraphs. 

Type of Study Study Location of Objective(s) Identifier Study Report of the Study Study Design and Type of Control Test Product(s) Dosage Regimen Route of Administration Number of Subjects Healthy Subjects or Diagnosis of Patients Duration of Treatment Study Status Type of Report... 

The only study located regarding immunological effects in humans after dermal exposure to endosulfan was an account of the results of patch tests on the backs of 14 farm workers with work-related dermatitis and 8 controls who were not exposed to pesticides (Schuman and Dobson 1985). Skin sensitization was not observed in any of the subjects following a 48-hour, closed-patch exposure to an unspecified amount of 0.1 % endosulfan in petrolatum. 

Although camera positions were static, blank and odour treatments were randomly assigned between stations each night. Three to five blank stations (attractant only) were placed in the study location every night. I conducted 15 replicates of each odour station (linseed oil + novel odour, herbivore or predator faeces) in the late dry season (October) 2003 (155 trap-nights), 25 replicates in the late wet season (May) 2004 (218 trap-nights) and 15 replicates in the late dry season (November) 2004 (120 trap-nights). 

The only study located in animals regarding metabolic effects reported decreased serum albumin and lowered calcium and potassium levels in dogs fed 1.04 mg CNVkg/day as cassava or sodium cyanide for 14 weeks (Kamalu 1993)... 

The only study located regarding developmental effects reported no adverse effects on human fetal development following transplacental exposure to heptachlor based on birth certificate information and hospital discharge data (Le Marchand et al. 1986). The study was conducted on women of child-bearing age from Oahu, Hawaii, who ingested milk containing heptachlor for 27-29 months. 

Fig. 1. Study location and soil sample map showing the 2007 and 2008 traverses.

In the only in vivo animal study located regarding genotoxic effects using inhalation as the route of exposure, male CD-I mice (12/group) exposed to 100 or 400 ppm diesel fuel vapor (6 hours/day,... 

The few animal studies located appear to be in general agreement with the human findings (Gardner et al. 1925 Korsrud et al. 1972). Effects of carbon tetrachloride ingestion on blood pressure are sometimes observed, but these are likely secondary to effects on the central nervous system, or to effects on fluid and electrolyte balance following renal injury. 

Country Study location Study year Size range (nm) Instrument Reference... 

Exposure Levels in Humans. Silver has been detected in the blood, tissues, urine, and feces of humans. The only biological monitoring studies located consisted of small numbers of worker populations in chemical manufacturing industries. Studies that better characterize important sources of general population exposure and define populations with potentially high exposure, such as those located near hazardous waste sites, would be helpful. More specific information concerning the chemical from of silver present at hazardous waste sites would also be useful. These data would assist in developing a more accurate estimate of the potential for silver exposure from hazardous waste sites contaminated with the metal. 

Figure 1. (a) Elevations of the Central Andean plateau between 15°S and 26°S, constructed with SRTM30 dataset. White circles show our late Oligocene to late Miocene sites discussed in the text. White boxes enclose study sites for modem soil carbonate in the Atacama Desert in Quade et al. (2007) (b) study locations in the Himalayan-Tibet orogen (Himalaya/Hindu Kush shaded). 

Water monitoring stations are well marked and well studied locations at which water properties can be measured continuously or periodically, and representative water samples can be collected for laboratory analyses. Examples include sites along rivers, lakes, ponds, sea shores, piezometers, wells (both operating and observation wells), and springs. 

Type of Study Species Method of Duration Doses GLP Testing Study Location... 

The only studies located regarding health effects in humans after inhalation exposure to tetryl were case studies and other reports of workers exposed to tetryl dusts in manufacturing plants during World War I and World War II. Little information was available regarding the number of people exposed or the duration and level of exposure. Since exposure was to the tetryl-laden dusts, the effects could have been caused by inhalation, direct skin contact, or by swallowing. The dermal effects noted in these studies were most likely caused by direct skin contact and are described in Section 2.2.3. It is unknown whether the other effects were caused by inhaling or by swallowing tetryl therefore, in this profile, it is assumed that the primary route of exposure was inhalation. 

In the only inhalation study located for animals, an elimination rate constant of 0.01 hour 1 was determined for female hooded rats exposed to 2 mg/m of DNOC aerosols for 5 hours (King and Harvey 1954). This was determined to correspond to an initial blood level of 60 pg/g that would result in essentially complete elimination of DNOC in 182 hours. 

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