Stroke inflammation associated with

Certain chronic diseases of the CNS (eg, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke) are associated with abnormally high reflex activity in the neuronal pathways that control skeletal muscle the result is painful spasm. Bladder and anal sphincter control are also affected in most cases and may require autonomic drugs for management. In other circumstances, acute injury or inflammation of muscle leads to spasm and pain. Such temporaiy spasm can sometimes be reduced with appropriate drug therapy. 

Moreover,bioactive lipids maybe considered dual messengers they modulate cell functions as messengers and they become part of the response of the nervous tissue to injury, broadly referred to as the inflammatory response. This response occurs in ischemia-reperfusion damage associated with stroke, various forms of neurotrauma, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer s disease. Inflammation in the nervous system differs from that in other tissues. If the blood-brain barrier is broken, blood-borne inflammatory cells (e.g. polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages) invade the intercellular space and glial cells are activated, particularly microglia, which play a prominent role in the inflammatory response. These responses may... 

Concerns about the safety of ephedrine-containing products date back to 1994, when the FDA noticed an increase in the number of health problems associated with the use of ephedrine, including chest pain, headaches, increased blood pressure, heart attack, hepatitis (inflammation of the liver), stroke, seizures, and sometimes death. In 2001, the National Football League banned the use of ephedrine by professional football players. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Olympic committees have also banned the use of ephedrine by their athletes. In February 2004, ephedrine was finally banned by the FDA from being sold in the United States. To date, at least 100 deaths have been attributed to ephedrine use in the... 

A systemic inflammatory response involving up-regulation of TNF-a and IL-1 is believed to be instrumental in the formation and destabilization of plaques, one of the risk factors for ischemic stroke (Emsley and Tyrrell, 2002 Hansson and Libby, 2006). There is considerable clinical data indicating that this systemic inflammation is associated with unfavorable outcome in stroke patients (McColl et al., 2007). However, this inter-relationship of systemic inflammation with stroke pathology has not been well studied. 

Inflammation in the plaque wall has been postulated to influence thrombus formation in myocardial infarction (Ml) as well as stroke. Recent studies have focused on the possibility that infection in the plaque contributes to thrombus formation and subsequent stroke or Ml. Chlamydia pneumoniae particles have been recently discovered in carotid and coronary plaques [15]. Although several studies have shown an association between elevated serum antibody titers for Chlamydia pneumoniae and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events, there remains no clear evidence of stroke risk reduction associated with antibiotic therapy [6, 16]. Another condition that can produce progressive carotid narrowing not due to atherosclerosis is intimal hyperplasia, which can occur after radiation treatment to the neck or prior carotid endarterectomy. 

Tree nuts were long perceived as an unhealthy food due to their high fat content and caloric value. However, recent epidemiologic and numerous clinical. studies have provided evidence that frequent nut consumption is associated with favorable plasma lipid profiles, reduced risk of coronary heart disease, certain types of cancer, stroke, atherosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, inflammation, and several other chronic diseases. Drawing on contributions from experts based in industry and academia. Tree Nuts Composition, Phytochemicals, and Health Effects discus.ses the results of state-of-the-art research on different aspects of tree nut compositions, phytochemicals, and their health effects. 

---