Intimal hyperplasia

Decreased intimal hyperplasia in femoral artery injury model seen with CCL2 deficiency. 

Roque M, Kim WJ, Gazdoin M, et al. CCR2 deficiency decreases intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2002 22(4) 554-559. 

Kim WJ, Chereshnev I, Gazdoiu M, Fallon JT, Rollins BJ, Taubman MB. MCP-1 deficiency is associated with reduced intimal hyperplasia after arterial injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003 310(3) 936-942. 

Pyo R, Jensen KK, Wiekowski MT, et al. Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia in transgenic mice conditionally expressing the chemokine-binding protein M3. Am J Pathol 2004 164 2289-2297. 

CCR2 deficiency results in decreased atherosclerosis in vessels of susceptible mice. 2. Decreased intimal hyperplasia in femoral artery injury model of atherosclerosis seen with CCR2 deficiency. CCR2 expression is increased in the monocytes of hypercholesterolemic patients. 

Perrault LP, Malo O, Bidouard JP, Villeneuve N, Vilaine JP, Vanhoutte PM (2003) Inhibiting the NO pathway with intracoronary L-NAME infusion increases endothelial dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 22 439-451... 

Selzman CH, Turner AS, Gaynor JS, Miller SA, Monnet E, Harken AH (2002) Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia using the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene. Arch Surg 137 333-336... 

Innate immunity plays a central role in vascular injury and repair. Suppression of monocyte numbers by IV infusion of LBPs inhibits intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury (52,99,100). The preprocedural activation... 

Feldman LJ, Aguirre L, Ziol M, et al. Interleukin-10 inhibits intimal hyperplasia after angioplasty or stent implantation in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Circulation 2000 101 908-916. 

Lamy AL, Roy PH, Morissette JJ, Cantin R. Intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis of the visceral arteries in a young woman possible relation with oral contraceptives and smoking. Surgery 1988 103(6) 706-10. 

Gu, J.L., Pei, H., Thomas, L., Nadler, J.L., Rossi, J.J., Lanting, L. and Natarajan, R. (2001) Ribozyme-mediated inhibition of rat leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase prevents intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Circulation, 103, 1446-1452. 

Petronio AS, Amoroso G, Limbruno U, et al. Simvastatin does not inhibit intimal hyperplasia and restenosis but promotes plaque regression in normocholesterolemic patients undergoing coronary stenting a randomized study with intravascular ultrasound. Am Heart J 2005 149 520-526. 

Kasai T, Miyauchi K, Yokoyama T, Aihara K, Daida H. Efficacy of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha ligands, fenofibrate, on intimal hyperplasia and constrictive remodeling after coronary angioplasty in porcine models. Atherosclerosis 2005 188 274-280. 

Carmody et al. found that the addition of homocysteine to a culture of vascular smooth muscle cells resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, but vitamins B6 and B 2 alone did not substantially inhibit the effect of homocysteine. However, the addition of folic acid resulted in significant inhibition of DNA synthesis (64). Rosiglitazone has been shown to reduce serum tHcy levels, smooth muscle proliferation, and intimal hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet high in methionine (65). 

Murthy SN, et al. Rosiglitazone reduces serum homocysteine levels, smooth muscle proliferation, and intimal hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high methionine diet. Metabolism 2005 54 5) 645-652. 

As previously mentioned, for SMC proliferation after coronary angioplasty, cell activation and cell-to-cell interaction of platelets and leukocytes mediated by adhesion molecules are considered to be important. Coronary stenting produces the release of an adhesion molecule, P-selectin, from d-granule of activated platelets. P-selectin-mediated platelet-leukocyte interaction has a crucial role in the development of stent restenosis. Cilostazol is an antiplatelet, antithrombotic, phosphodiesterase III inhibitor that by inhibiting P-selectin release has inhibitory effects on SMC migration. In addition, cilostazol may directly act to inhibit intimal hyperplasia. 

Law RE, Meehan WR Xi XP et al, Troglitazone inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth and intimal hyperplasia. J Clin Invest 1996 98 1897-1905. 

Asahara T Bauters C, Pastore C, et al. Local delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates reendothelialization and attenuates intimal hyperplasia in balloon-injured rat carotid artery. Circulation 1995 I 1 2793—2801. 

Acute vessel recoil, chronic remodeling, and intimal hyperplasia were the mechanisms involved in this process (1-4). However, after the introduction of stents in the daily practice during interventional procedures, intimal hyperplasia became the mechanism associated in the pathophysiology of in-stent restenosis (5-9). Therefore, its prevention should be related with therapies that inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. 

Lin PH, Chronos NA, Marijianowski MM, et al. Carotid stenting using heparin-coated balloon-expandable stent reduces intimal hyperplasia in a baboon model. J Surg Res 2003 I 12( I ) 84-90. 

Hong YJ, Jeong MH, Kim W, et al. Effect of abciximab-coated stent on in-stent intimal hyperplasia in human coronary arteries. Am J Cardiol 2004 94(8) 1050-1054. 

Salu KJ, Huang Y Bosmans JM, et al. Addition of cytochalasin D to a biocompatible oil stent coating inhibits intimal hyperplasia in a porcine coronary model. Coron Artery Dis 2003 ... 

Mir-Akbari H, Sylven C, Lindvall B, etal. phVEGF coated stent reduces restenosis intimal hyperplasia [abstr], Eur heart J 1999 20(suppl) 275,... 

Strecker EP Gabelmann A, Boos I, et al. Effect on intimal hyperplasia of dexamethasone released from coated metal stents compared with non-coated stents in canine femoral arteries. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1998 21 487-496,... 

Swanson N, Hogrefe K, Javed Q, et al, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-eluting stents in vivo effects on thrombosis, endothelialization and intimal hyperplasia. J Invasive Cardiol 2003 I 5(12) 688-692. 

Liu MW, Hearn JA, Luo J F et al. Reduction of thrombus formation without inhibiting coagulation factors does not inhibit intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in pig coronary arteries. Coron Artery Dis I 996 7(9) 667-671. 

Signore PE, Machan LS, Jackson JK, et al. Complete inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by perivascular delivery of paclitaxel in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. J Vase Interv Radiol 2001 ... 

Hong MK, Mintz GS, Lee CW, et al, Paclitaxel coating reduces in-stent intimal hyperplasia in human coronary arteries a serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Asian Paclitaxel-Eluting Stent Clinical Trial (ASPECT). Circulation 2003 107(4/517-520. 

Similar studies have used intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) at six-month follow-up to evaluate differences in target-lesion healing and have found less intimal hyperplasia and late lumen loss due to increased plaque burden in patients who had received DES without ICB for the treatment of BMS ISR (41). On the other hand, other IVUS-guided studies have described a significant black-hole phenomenon in patients who have undergone ICB. The black hole, a homogeneous, echolucent intraluminal entity depicted on IVUS, is felt to be a result of an impaired response to endothelial injury and an altered molecular proliferative response (Fig. 2). This intraluminal tissue, which accounted for —50% of the neo-intimal growth in areas of restenosis after radioactive stent... 

Post MJ, Borst C, Kuntz RE. The relative importance of arterial remodeling compared with intimal hyperplasia in lumen narrowing after balloon angioplasty, Circulation 1994 89 2816-2821. 

Limpjankit T, Waksman R, Yock PG, et al, Intravascular ultrasound volumetric assessment of intimal hyperplasia in stents treated with intracoronary radiation. Am J Cardiol 1999 84 850-854. 

Wahlgren CM, Frebelius S, Swedenborg J. Inhibition of neo-intimal hyperplasia by a specific thrombin inhibitor. Scand Cardiovasc J 2004 38( I) 16-21. 

Wang K, Zhou Z, Zhou X, et al. Prevention of intimal hyperplasia with recombinant soluble P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-immunoglobulin in the porcine coronary artery balloon injury model, J Am Coll Cardiol 2001 38 577-582,... 

Secondary endpoints Incidence of (sub)acute stent thrombosis (SAT) to 30 days, MACE at 30 day follow-up TVR, TVF at 6 month follow-up, IVUS endpoints including neo intimal hyperplasia, mean lumen area (MLA) at 6 months in 100 patients (50 from each arm of the study) in addition to angiographic endpoints including late loss, loss index, and late absolute MLD... 

Li CW, Cantor WJ, Robinson R, etal. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor GM600I selectively reduces intimal hyperplasia and intima collagen in stented but not balloon treated arteries. Can J Cardiol 2000 16(suppl F) I43E... 

Four weeks after the implantation of bevacizumab-eluting stent in the right iliac artery of a hypercholesterolemic rabbit. Angiographically, there is no detectable intimal hyperplasia. Source From Ref. 71. 

---