Streptomycin inactivation

Some clinical isolates of streptomycin resistant strains of Ps. aeruginosa have been reported to contain no streptomycin inactivating enzymes [164]. Such strains may have altered ribosomes but no detailed studies on the protein synthetic system of these organisms have been carried out. 

Kawabe and Mitsuhashi reported that the streptomycin-inactivating enzyme in staphylococci of medium resistance seems to be of the streptomycin adenylyl transferase type, because the C-adenosine residue... 

Poliovirus, inactivated IPV 0.5 mL Intramuscular, subcutaneous Allergic reaction to neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B... 

Studies on the hydrolytic inactivation of hydroxystreptomycin have shown that this compound is remarkably more stable under acidic conditions than is streptomycin.64... 

Growth medium RPMI-1640 with L-glutamine (Irvine Scientific Co., Irvine, CA), supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, lOIU/mL penicillin, lOOpg/mL streptomycin (PEST), 50pM2-mercaptoethanol, 292 igl mL L-glutamine, and lOmM HEPES buffer (all from Sigma-Aldrich). 

Cooking can cause some loss of the antimicrobial activity of streptomycin and neomycin, the loss being dependent on both the temperature and the matrix. When milk and water matrices were heated at 100 C for 30 min, the microbiological inactivation of neomycin was determined at 25% and 35%, respectively. 

As with other antibiotics/-1 streptomycin is subject to inactivation by enzymes encoded by genetic resistance factors (Chapter 26). Among these are enzymes that transfer phospho groups... 

Bone marrow cell first time stimulation medium 77% (v/v) DMEM, 15% (v/v) heat inactivated FBS, 5% (v/v) WEHI-3B conditioned medium, penicillin-streptomycin, 1.0 m g/mL ciprofloxacin, 200 mM L-glutamine, 6 ng/mL recombinant murine IL-3 (Peprotech, Cat 213-13), 10 ng/mL recombinant murine IL-6 (Peprotech, Cat 216-lb), and 50-100 ng/mL recombinant murine stem cell factor (SCF Peprotech, Cat 250-03). The total volume is 10 mL for each sample. For the second round stimulating medium, the volume is 4 mL for each sample. 

HEK 293 cells are grown in Dulbecco s MEM / Nut Mix F-12 supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin-streptomycin and 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS complete medium). 

Improved Minimum Essential Medium (IMEM Biofluids, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 100 p,g/mL streptomycin, lOOU/mL penicillin, and 2mM glutamine. 

The method contains three stages including first establishing a cell line followed by test chemical exposure and finally evaluated for expression of cell surface markers. To establish a cell line, human leukocyte preparations are attained from a plasma distributor. The leukocyte preparations as described by Ryan et al. (2004), are diluted with an equal part of complete medium (RPMI 1640 containing 1 x L-glutamine, 1 x penicillin-streptomycin-neomycin antibiotic mixture), 30 p,2-mercaptoethanol and 10 % heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. The diluted preparation is layered onto a Ficoll-Paque gradient to... 

Two types of trivalent poliovirus vaccines are currently licensed for distribution in the United States an enhanced inactivated vaccine (IPV) and a live attenuated, oral vaccine (OPV). IPV is the recommended vaccine for the primary series and booster dose for children in the United States, whereas OPV is recommended in areas of the world that have circulating pohovirus. IPV is given to children aged 2, 4, and 6 to 18 months and 4 to 6 years. Primary poliomyelitis immunization is recommended for all children and young adults up to age 18 years. Allergies to any component of IPV, including streptomycin, polymyxin B, and neomycin, are contraindications to vaccine use. 

Plague Greer inactivated Streptomycin 30 mg/ Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid Plague vaccine not... 

The inactivation of streptomycin by carbonyl reagents was reported by numerous investigators. - Brink, Kuehl and Folkers showed that when streptomycin was treated with a variety of carbonyl reagents, complete inactivation was observed under pH conditions which, in the absence of the reagents, caused only 50% or less inactivation. When streptomycin trihydrochloride was treated with an excess of hydrox-ylamine hydrochloride in the presence of pyridine, an acidimetric determination of the pyridine hydrochloride formed indicated that streptomycin contained a single free (or potentially free) carbonyl group This conclusion was confirmed by the reaction of streptomycin with hydroxylamine and semicarbazide to form amorphous products with compositions in fair agreement with those expected for monoxime and... 

Streptomycin was inactivated by reducing and oxidizing agents. The bacteriostatic-activity of this antibiotic for Escherichia coli was reduced in the presence of cysteine, sodium thioglycolate, stannous chloride, sodium bisulfite, sodium hydrosulfide, sodium formate and sodium thiosulfate. Cysteine was the most active. Denkelwater, Cook and Tishler found that the cysteine inactivation of streptomycin could be reversed by iodine presumably cystine was formed during this process. Rake and Donovick inactivated streptomycin with semi-carbazide hydrochloride in order to test the sterility of concentrated streptomycin solutions. The inactivation of streptomycin by compounds containing sulfhydryl groups has been discussed by Cavallito. ... 

The antibiotic potency toward numerous organisms and the toxicity of dihydrostreptomycin differed but slightly from those of streptomycin. The former was not inactivated by carbonyl reagents... 

Streptomycin B was inactivated by carbonyl reagents. On catalytic hydrogenation it absorbed one mole of hydrogen to form dihydrostrepto-mycin B. The hydrogenation did not cause any loss in activity. The activity of dihydrostreptomycin B was not impaired by carbonyl reagents and it did not yield maltol on treatment mth alkali. 

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