Aminoglycosides resistance

Shaw KJ, Rather PN, Hare RS et al (1993) Molecular genetics of aminoglycoside resistance genes and familial relationships of the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 57 138-163... 

JA Hobden, JJ Reidy, RJ O Callaghan, MS Insler, JM Hill. (1990). Quinolones in collagen shields to treat aminoglycoside-resistant pseudomonas keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31 2241-2243. 

In addition to isolates with high-level aminoglycoside resistance, /3-lacta-mase-producing enterococci (especially Enterococcus faecium) are increasingly reported. If these organisms are discovered, use of vancomycin or ampicillin-sulbactam in combination with gentamicin should be considered. 

AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE BY ALTERED TRANSPORT 3.3.1. Import Mechanisms... 

Aminoglycoside efflux is a significant mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance in bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas. There are five classes of transmembrane efflux systems associated with antibiotic resistance however, the resistance nodulation division (RND) family is the predominant class (Table 3.1). ... 

Aminoglycoside resistance has been a powerful impediment to the continued use of these potent antibacterial agents. The myriad of strategies that confer resistance... 

Attaching fnnctionalities at the N-1 position of the 2-deoxystreptamine among kanamycin or neomycin class antibiotics, is one of the other most effective methods of reviving the activity against aminoglycoside resistant bacteria. This strategy has led to the development of semisynthetic amikacin that has an (5 )-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl (AHB) group at N-1 position. 

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