Yield strain

Thus, in order that E and G always be positive, i.e., that a positive normal stress or shear stress times the respective positive normal strain or shear strain yield positive work,... 

Section Forces Strains Forces Strains Yield Moment Ultimate Moment... 

R = C02H), and more urinary metabolites formed from (+)-limonene (Vol. 7, p. 9) are reported in a species-comparative study (earlier papers in this series were inadvertently omitted from Vol. 6). Microbial conversion of (-)-menthone, using a Pseudomonas putida strain, yields (+)-isomenthone, (10 R = H), (61 X = H, R = CH2C02H), and (58 stereochemistry unspecified) and the corresponding hydroxy-acid. ... 

The addition of mevalonic acid-l-C14 to a pyroclavine- and festuclavine-producing fungus strain yielded inactive alkaloids which, in agreement with the scheme, showed that the carboxyl group of the mevalonic acid is not incorporated. Lowering of the assimilation of mevalonic acid-2-C14 by the addition of dimethylallylpyrophosphate or isopentenylpyrophos-phate supported the assumption that mevalonic acid enters the alkaloid molecule via one of these activated isoprene radicals. This was confirmed by the incorporation of deuterated isopentenylpyrophosphate in alkaloids of the clavine type in saprophytic cultures of a Claviceps strain (128). 

The tensile yield stress variation as a function of W for a material which has a von Mises-type yield locus is illustrated schematically in Figure 5. This variation is caused by the fact that as the width of the specimen increases, the biaxiality also increases toward the asymptotic value at plane strain. If the material obeys the von Mises yield criterion exactly, the plane strain yield stress should be 15% higher than it would be for simple tension. On the other hand, if the material obeys the Tresca yield criterion, the plane strain yield stress should be identical... 

We have observed four distinct types of plane stress/plane strain yield behavior (a) PC, (b) PC/PE, (c) PET, and (d) ABS and HIPS. These are discussed separately. 

Product Tensile modulus Stress yield IS0527-1, -2 IS0527-1, -2 (MPa) (N/mm2) (MPa) (N/mm2) Nominal strain Strain yield break IS0527-1, -2 IS0527-1, (%) -2 (%) ... 

Using the bulk and shear modulus to relate dilational stress to dilational strain and distortional stress to distortional strain yields ... 

Recalling the dilational Equationfi (28) and (29) and the distortional Equations (30) and (31). These equations can be adjusted for stress relaxation boundary conditions shown in Equations (73) and (74). Thus, using the tensor Equations (73) and (74) and Equations (28) and (29) to compute the dilational and distortional stresses and strains. Once the dilational and distortional stresses and strains are computed, the shear and bulk modulus Equations (63) and (64) can be used to relate stress to strain yielding ... 

Measured Calculated Yielding Compatibilizer Yield Stress, Modulusa Yield Strain, Yield Strain, Angle,... 

Fracture Stress and Strain. Yielding and plastic deformation in the schematic representation of tensile deformation were associated with microfibrillation at the interface and stretching of the microfibrils. Because this representation was assumed to apply to both the core-shell and interconnected-interface models of compatibilization, the constrained-yielding approach was used without specific reference to the microstructure of the interface. In extending the discussion to fracture, however, it is useful to consider the interfacial-deformation mechanisms. Tensile deformation culminated in catastrophic fracture when the microfibrillated interface failed. This was inferred from the quasi-brittle fracture behavior of the uncompatibilized blend with VPS of 0.5, which indicated that the reduced load-bearing cross section after interfacial debonding could not support plastic deformation. Accordingly, the ultimate properties of the compatibilized blend depended on interfacial char-... 

Compound Producing organism Heterologous host strain Yield Reference... 

Compounds 8-11 belonged to the bisabolane family of sesquiterpenes. Bisabolane sesquiterpenes are not typical microbial metabolites. Most compounds of this skeletal class have been isolated from numerous terrestrial plants, a basidiomycete [101], sponges [102-103], octocoral [104, 105], and red algae [106], To our knowledge there have been two reports of bisabolanes from fungi. The first report in 1989 was of a mycotoxin from Fusarium sambucinum [107], More recently, mass spectral analysis of the volatile constituents of toxigenic Penicillium roqueforti strains yielded P-bisabolene [108]. 

As shown in Table 3, all strains yielded an opaque, white, thick pellicle, as the L value shifted slightly toward the lightness side. However, the values obtained from strains 893 and 975 detected higher values of positive b, indicating yellowness. Values from the calculated chroma and hue angle for strains 893 and 975 are also shown in Table 3. The samples cultivated on pineapple juice yielded an opaque yellow color, which contained a carotene color, (/lab values approach to 90°, Table 3), while those bacterial celluloses derived from the coconut juice showed a white color. 

The results of our analyses are suiiunarized in Fig. 3. In 3-week-old animals, when the pectoralis weight is the same in broilers and layers, the rate of phosphorylase synthesis is similar in the two strains, at approx 0.1/ day. The strains differ markedly in the rate of degradation of the enzyme broiler, approx 0.01/day, and layer, approx 0.05/day. As the animals grow, the two strains yield very different results. At 8 weeks in the broiler, the synthesis rate declines slightly, to 0.07/day whereas in the layer, it declines to 0.04/day. Thus, the synthesis of the enzyme is not very different in the two strains. By contrast, the rate of degradation of the enzyme declines to 0.005/day in layer, but remains at 0.01/day in the broiler. 

In conclusion, the engineering of the (I )-pantothenate biosynthetic genes provided strains yielding rather high concentrations of vitamin B5 in fed-batch fermentation runs. With the performance levels reported, a superior microbial process for pantothenic acid production is coming up on the horizon. 

Various Streptomyces strains yield the important 7-methoxy-cephalosporin C... 

The mechanical properties, fiacture stress, fiacture strain, yield stress, and modulus, were measured (67) for doses up to 100 Mrads. Fracture strain was found to increase with dosage but shear yield strength decreased. Decreases averaging roughly 50% were noted for the other properties. Therefore, it is evident that the -radiation produces a predominance of chain scission over crosslinking in the epoxy. It was concluded that irradiation does not have much effect on the graphite fibers but that it degrades mechanical properties of the epoxy matrix. 

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